Person Vs Professional Ethics On The Embryonic Stem Cell...

Katty Miles MA105 Medical Law Ethics Jimmy Ellis Person vs Professional Ethics on the Embryonic stem cell study 2/15/2017 Miller Motte College, NC The study of the Embryonic Stem Cell is a new interactive way of treatment The embryonic stem cell is a great medical study and medical opportunity in the medical society that we live in today. As a medical care provider I know the in the medical world it has its challenges that are associated with different reproductive technology. With the new medical research on the embryonic stem cell it has it’s negative and positive views the negative view. New medical study of human stem cell treatment The different kinds of treatments with the scientific medical study of the stem cell The embryonic†¦show more content†¦Some research has opposed to this medical study and other have approved of the human stem cell study. This is Destruction of a humans’ life an embryo is a developing baby and is un ethical regardless if it’s benefits. The stem cell is obtained from a living person and the mother embryo is removed from her ovaries. For harvesting this will kill and destroy the embryo there are other forms of stem cells. The adult cells are non-embryonic theses are from placentas and umbilical cords and does not cause destruction to a human being. For the Ethical in this medical cell study the adult and embryonic stem cell have to be equal. So if the fetal cells are collected from a miscarriage or a stillborn birth there is medical possible way to be able to remove a fetus still alive from the mother womb without any harm done to the mother or fetuses than there are no ethical issues. On the other hand, if the mother wants an abortion the fetus stem cells will be collected this as unethical destruction killing a human the umbilical cord is not attached at birth or an infant than collecting the umbilical cords blood is ethical to obtain the stem cells. There is the adult stem cell these are a different that are non-embryonic cells. Which are located in the human’s placentas and umbilical cords of a baby or infant collecting the cells from these does not cause destructionShow MoreRelatedWhy Should We Be Ethical? the Relevance of Ethics in Life8703 Words   |  35 Pages 12/12/2011, 04.30 pm Why should we be ethical? The relevance of ethics in life Biz Ethics IIMK Group a, Section D Ankur dey Tarafdar, PGP/15/204, Ankur Kaithal, PGP/15/205, Bagya Lakshmi, PGP/15/212 Gauri Chodankar, PGP/15/215 Jayntwin Katia, PGP/15/224 Why should we be ethical? - The importance of ethics in life Abstract As Albert Schweitzer puts it â€Å"Ethics is nothing else but reverence for life†. 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The Success Of The Amazon - 3201 Words

Abstract: Amazon.com is an On-line retailer of, originally, books. The company was established as a micro enterprise in the US in 1994. Since then it has enjoyed rapid expansion in all aspects of its operations, including business turnover, and a spectacular rise in share value since public floatation in 1997. New on-line sites based in Germany and UK and a distribution center in Amsterdam were established in 1998 to cater for European markets. On August 30, 2000 Amazon.com launched its third site outside the US, Amazon.fr in France. Amazon.com sells only on-line and is essentially an information broker. It holds a relatively small, though increasing, inventory and outsources most aspects of its operations. Almost every aspect of amazon†¦show more content†¦Although Jeff Bezos had no previous experience in the book trade, he saw a business opportunity in selling books solely on the Web. He started the company out of his garage in a Seattle suburb, wrapping orders and then delivering t hem to the post office in the family car. The characteristics of the books retailing industry make it amenable to electronic commerce: a great variety of products and consumer tastes, and tastes which hanker after a lot of information about the products. Moreover, there is room for bringing down margins, i.e. offering customers deep discounts. Jeff Bezos picked the name Amazon because it is the biggest river on earth. He wanted his on-line bookstore to become Earth s Biggest Bookstore, but without the need to stock vast quantities of books. Amazon.com would be lean, fit but hungry. A screenshot of Amazon.com s very first homepage Amazon.com opened its virtual doors in July 1995 with 1.1 million titles, almost ten times the number of books carried by an average bookstore. Amazon quickly became the largest online seller of books and has since parlayed that lead and leveraged its large customer base (17 million and growing) to rapidly expand into additional retail categories. Today, Amzon.com is considered the largest and most aggressive pure-play consumer e-commerce company, offering its customer an estimated 18 million unique products : books, music, videos, toys,

Language Development in Exceptional Circumstances Free Essays

â€Å"Ever since attempts have been made to describe and explain normal language development, references to exceptional circumstances have been made. † (Bishop Mogford, 1988: v) Language development in exceptional circumstances refers to cases of child language acquisition which are considered as departing from the norm. In the following, five types of exceptional circumstances will be taken into account; that is: the case of neglected children, the case of hearing children brought-up by deaf parents, the case of bilingual children, the case of twins, and the case of children affected by Williams syndrome. We will write a custom essay sample on Language Development in Exceptional Circumstances or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is by no means a full consideration of all existing exceptional circumstances for language development; rather it is a selection of the cases which I find most revealing to gain insight into normal language development. Indeed, in the light of the aforementioned exceptional circumstances, we will be able to draw understandings about language development in its unexceptional nature, such as its relationship to environmental factors (I) and to other cognitive devices (II). First of all, exceptional circumstances can provide important evidence relevant to the role played by the verbal environment in child language acquisition. Neglected children, hearing children brought-up by deaf parents, bilingual children, and twins, are all faced to a certain form of restricted verbal stimulation. For instance, Marie Mason (1942) reported a case that concerned a neglected child, Isabelle, who had been kept in seclusion with her deaf and mute mother because she was illegitimate. They spent their time in a dark room shut away from the family who had rejected them, and Isabelle was completely deprived of language until she gained her freedom at the age of 6. Children of deaf parents are also limited in their exposure to spoken language, although in the context of otherwise normal social, communicative and environmental stimulation. As for children who are brought-up bilingual and as twins, verbal stimulation is similarly impaired, the former because their exposure to one particular language is reduced ecause they must deal with two languages simultaneously, and the latter because one family’s linguistic resources are shared between two infants in the same developmental stage. Yet, just as Isabelle went on to develop normal language in only 18 months’ time after gaining her freedom (Skuse, 1988: 33), children of deaf parents, bilingual children, and twins, also develop normal language over time, albeit the adverse circumstances. This provides evid ence of resilience of language acquisition. Indeed, the fact that these children, despite such unfavourable circumstances, ultimately achieve linguistic proficiency (not unlike an ordinary child) tells us that children learn language despite a restricted language input, meaning that innate language abilities must have a substantial role in normal language acquisition. In this sense, exceptional circumstances indicate that the principles of language development advocated by behaviourists are quite inadequate to explain how the child develops language, and provides evidence in favour of Noam Chomsky’s theory of Universal Grammar. Conversely, however, exceptional circumstances do provide some evidence of the importance of the verbal environment for normal language development. For instance, Genie, another neglected child who was discovered at 13 years of age after having been locked in a small room and beaten by her father whenever she uttered a sound, never fully recovered from the deprivation of language in her early years. Although she is now 55 years-old, she never acquired true linguistic competence. This gives evidence for the existence of a time window during which external influences have a significant effect. Just as songbirds will learn to sing the appropriate song for their species only if they hear that song in the first few weeks of life, there is a critical period for the child to successfully develop language† (Bishop Mogford, 1988: 252). This ‘critical period’ is set from birth to sometime between 5 and 7 years of age depending on the individual, which is why Isabelle –who was 6 when liberated– developed language readily, while Genie –who was 13– did not. Therefore, exceptional circumstances provide insight into a critical period for language development after which failed experiences in infancy cannot be compensated. Moreover, exceptional circumstances can also provide insight into the relationship between language and cognition. In this section, we shall consider the case of children affected by Williams syndrome. Williams syndrome is characterized by a sophisticated use of language with complex syntax and adult-like vocabulary in individuals who otherwise demonstrate no evidence of concrete operational behaviour on Piagetian tasks, and whose overall level of mental development is below that of a 7-year-old (Jones Smith, 1988: 248). In other words, Williams syndrome children are mentally retarded, yet they demonstrate impressive lexical semantic abilities, complex expressive morphology and syntax, and good metalinguistic skills. For instance, three Williams syndrome adolescents were investigated: Van (age 11), Crystal (age 15), and Ben (age 16). Their full-scale IQ scores on traditional intelligence tests were: Van, 50; Crystal, 49; and Ben, 54. However, their scores on formal tests of language were higher than performance on non-language cognitive tasks (Bishop Mogford, 1975: 182). This relative sparing of language in the face of other cognitive impairments is particularly revealing about the relationship between language and cognition in that it implies that there is dissociation between language and other cognitive functions. Similarly, it may be particularly striking that, in patients of global aphasia, which is a severe language disorder, other cognitive skills remain functioning, affirming that language faculty is indeed a separate domain (Saffran et al). Therefore, the exceptional case of Williams syndrome children, and the rather converse instance global aphasia, indicate that normal language development is not directly related to intelligence, hence why language is acquired rapidly and uniformly by all ‘normal’ children, irrespective of intelligence. In conclusion, language development in exceptional circumstances stands as a window into the analysis of normal language development. In the words of Gary Dell: â€Å"the inner workings of a highly complex system are often revealed by the way in which the system breaks down† (Baars, 1992: 5). Indeed, throughout this essay, the study of exceptional circumstances has provided us with evidence that, although language input has an important role in language development, it may be limited, given the Poverty of Stimulus argument. The study of exceptional circumstances has also evidenced the existence of a critical period for language development and made the issociation between language and other cognitive functions clearer. Nonetheless, one must bear in mind that a more in-depth study of exceptional circumstances, for instance one that would take into account infantile autism or Down syndrome children, would certainly provide us with further information about the components of normal language development. Unfortunately, given the time limitations for the realization of this essay, these aspects will be left for o thers to analyse. How to cite Language Development in Exceptional Circumstances, Essays

Physiology Neurobiology Example For Students

Physiology Neurobiology Unlike the abdominal viscera, the thoracic viscera are separated into two cavities by an area called the mediastinum. What is the clinical importance of this compartmental arrangement? The clinical importance of this compartmental arrangement is that the mediastinum region contains a lot of major and essential parts of the human body. The mediastinum contains the pericardial cavity, thymus, trachea, esophagus, and major blood vessels. The fact that it’s placed in a sort of central space of the upper body provides these major parts with a protective barrier of tissues and serous membranes. Even though the mediastinum itself doesn’t have a serous membrane most of the thoracic cavity does. Also this region encloses the heart by two layers of pericardium; serous membrane. The mediastinum creates a barrier in between the two compartments which enclose the lungs. This is clinically beneficial to the human body because if one lung gets injured, diseased, or infected, the other one may remain functional due to the protective barrier of the mediastinum (McKinley). The process of hemostasis is associated with positive feedback. Describe the specific events that confirm this statement.Homeostasis is the state of equilibrium, or constant internal environment, in the body (McKinley).The specific event that confirms that positive feedback is in-fact associated with homeostasis is how positive feedback brings the body back to homeostasis after an injury. Due to injury, homeostasis of the body is thrown off and positive feedback leads to speeding up of blood clotting where the injury occurred. The process consists of platelet plug formation, coagulation, vascular spasm, and arterial dilation. Out of this process the step that shows the most positive feedback is the platelet plug formation. In this step in damaged tissue, platelets aggregate to form a plug that seals off the broken blood vessel in undamaged tissue, platelets are prevented from sticking together by nitric oxide and prostacyclin. As platelets stick together, they swell and release ADP, serotonin, and thromboxane A2 which cause more platelets to aggregate and release their chemicals. This one step shows a positive feedback cycle (oakparkusd.org). How do the following systems serve to maintain homeostatic regulation of body fluid volume? (a) Urinary (b) digestive (c) integumentary (d) cardiovascular. Be sure to include the interaction of ECF and ICF. By filtering the blood and other extracellular fluids the urinary system maintains homeostatic regulation of body fluid volume .The kidneys play a large role within filtering about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid (personal knowledge) Within the digestive tract the food is broken down to nutrient molecules small enough to be absorbed by the villi of the small intestine. Digestive enzymes are produced by the digestive tract and by the pancreas (personal knowledge). In addition the liver produces bile, an emulsifier that plays a role in the digestion of fats. Bile, which is stored in the gallbladder, enters the small intestine along with the pancreatic enzymes. Following the absorption of nutrients, blood passes from the region of the small intestine to the liver by way of the hepatic portal vein. The liver, which monitors the blood, is a very important organ of homeostasis. The liver breaks down toxic substances like alcohol and other drugs, and it produces urea, the end product of nitrogenous metabolism. The liver produces the plasma proteins and stores glucose as glycogen after eating. In between eating it releases glucose, thereby keeping the blood glucose concentration constant. The liver destroys old blood cel ls and breaks down hemoglobin†¦hemoglobin breakdown products are excreted in bile (McGraw-Hill College Division). In this system the extracellular and intracellular fluid concentrations are controlled by osmosis. If the fluid inside the cell is concentrated water will flow into the cell, if the opposite occurs water will flow out of the cell. Perspiration is the main way the integumentary system goes through homeostasis. Perspiration is sweat that mostly consists of water and inorganic salts. The movement of liquid thru perspiration also controls the body temperature. People sweat when they are hot while doing physical activities in order to cool down the body. Dehydration is known by signals sent through the concentrations of sodium in the extracellular and intracellular fluids. The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting blood carrying oxygen through the body. Homeostasis is especially important in this system because the blood cells maintain the human body functioning. The water and intracellular fluids are constantly performing osmosis as the cells travel through the body. An important buffer system in the human body involves carbon dioxide (CO2) and bicarbonate ion (HCO-) in the reversible reaction CO2 + H2O ïÆ'› H2CO3 ïÆ'› H+ + HCO3-. If a person becomes excited and exhales large amounts of CO2, how will the pH of the person’s body be affected? The rate of cellular respiration (and hence oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production) varies with level of activity. Vigorous exercise can increase by 20-25 times the demand of the tissues for oxygen. Getting excited has that similar effect and also increase the tissues desire for oxygen. This is met by increasing the rate and depth of breathing. It is a rising concentration of carbon dioxide not a declining concentration of oxygen that plays the major role in regulating the ventilation of the lungs. Certain cells in the medulla oblongata are very sensitive to a drop in pH. As the CO2 content of the blood rises above normal levels, the pH drops and the medulla oblongata responds by increasing the number and rate of nerve impulses that control the action of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm. This produces an increase in the rate of lung ventilation, which quickly brings the CO2 concentration of the alveolar air, and then of the blood, back to normal levels (www.scribd.com) Rainforest deforestation EssayBased on the varied cell population in connective tissue proper, describe the specific immune response expected at the site of injury or damaged tissues.The body’s response to any type of injury or infection is inflammation. Inflammation is a protective response involving host cells, blood vessels, and proteins and other mediators that is intended to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, as well as the necrotic cells and tissues resulting from the original insult, and to initiate the process of repair. Inflammation accomplishes its protective mission by first diluting, destroying, or otherwise neutralizing harmful agents. It then sets into motion the events that eventually heal and repair the sites of injury. When a microbe enters a tissue or the tissue is injured, the presence of the infection or damage is sensed by resident cells, mainly macrophages, but also dendritic cells, mast cells, and other cell types. These cells secrete molecule s (cytokines and other mediators) that induce and regulate the subsequent inflammatory response. Inflammatory mediators are also produced from plasma proteins that react with the microbes or to injured tissues. Some of these mediators promote the efflux of plasma and the recruitment of circulating leukocytes to the site where the offending agent is located. The recruited leukocytes are activated and they try to remove the offending agent by phagocytosis. An unfortunate side effect of the activation of leukocytes may be damage to normal host tissues (Kumar). (a) How does exposure to optimum amounts of UVA and UVB sunlight radiation promote proper bone maintenance and growth in children? (b) The general adult public associates excess sunlight exposure (a â€Å"tan†) with good health. Explain in detail why this thought process is deadly wrong! For proper functioning, a healthy human body uses around 3,000-5,000 IU of vitamin D per day. It is the UVB rays that stimulate the body to produce vitamin D. When exposed to direct sunlight, the body will produce vitamin D at a rate up to 1,000 IUs per minute. The body won’t make too much vitamin D from sunlight exposure because the body has a built-in mechanism to halt vitamin D production once it has enough. While getting sunburn from too much sunlight is possible, the human body can’t develop vitamin D toxicity. Vitamin D has enormous health-promoting benefits and effects. It plays a huge role in calcium metabolism, which is vital for the normal functioning of the nervous system, as well as for bone growth and maintenance of bone density. Vitamin D also plays a major role in immunity, cell proliferation, insulin secretion, and blood pressure. All cells in the body have vitamin D receptors, meaning that every cell and tissue in the body needs vitamin D for its optima l functioning and well-being. Vitamin D prevents osteoporosis, depression, and even effects diabetes and obesity (thrivechiropracticstudio.com). The main risk factor which damages skin and can lead to a melanoma is damage from the sun. It is the ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the sunshine and in sunbeds which does the damage. About 6 in 10 cases of melanoma are thought to be caused by UV damage. UV light damages the DNA (genetic material) in your skin cells which can then lead to skin cancers developing. People most at risk to UV skin damage are people with fair skin in particular, those with skin which always burns and never tans, red or blond hair, green or blue eyes. Melanoma is uncommon in dark-skinned people, as they have more protective melatonin in their skin (Dr. Tim Kenny). Work Cited â€Å"Human Anatomy† 3rd edition by Michael McKinley Valerie Dean O’Loughlin Copyright 2012, Published by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. â€Å"Skin Cancer – Melanoma† by Dr Tim Kenny http://www.patient.co.uk/health/skin-cancer-melanoma â€Å"Vitamin D Sunlight† http://thrivechiropracticstudio.com/2013/07/ â€Å"Respiratory System† (function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "https://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script"); s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })() â€Å"Hemostasis† http://www.oakparkusd.org/cms/lib5/CA01000794/Centricity/Domain/307/Hemostasis.pdfJones AE, Kline JA. Shock. In: Marx JA, ,Hockberger RS, Walls RM, et al, eds. Rosens Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2013:chap 6. â€Å"Robbins Basic Pathology†9th edition, by Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, and Jon C. Aster https://www.inkling.com/store/book/robbins-basic-pathology-kumar-abbas-aster-9th/?chapterId=4eca681364e34e9c9de63067aca4f513 Rivers EP. Approach to the patient in shock. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 106. â€Å"Body Systems and Homeostasis† by McGraw-Hill College Division http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/maderbiology/supp/homeo.html