Performance Feedback Skills

Understanding of Participant Observation The WritePass Journal

Understanding of Participant Observation Abstract Understanding of Participant Observation ) explains that a detailed description of an event or people’s experiences allow observers to analyse situations exhaustively. In terms of my study, I chose participant observation since I felt it would help me gather relevant data on what is happening in the London Underground. While this type of observation allows for more in-depth observation of events and people’s actions (Muchison, 2010), participant observation has also some limitations.   First, there is a need to immerse one’s self in the world inhabited by participant. This is accomplished by taking the tube as a mode of transportation to experience what others are experiencing when taking this transportation. Part of participant observation is to interview people regarding their experiences. This might be a challenge since participants might not be willing to be interviewed while in the tube. It should be noted that there are many commuters in the tube who do not know each other. This might be a chall enge when collecting data since participants might be wary of answering questions from a researcher (Hek et al., 2011). Polit et al. (2013) reiterate that participants might not act naturally since they are aware that the researcher is observing them. This presents some bias in the data since behaviour of the participants might not be reflective of their actual behaviour. Meanwhile, reflexivity in data would allow researchers to interpret data according to the perceptions of the participants. Researchers might also bring a degree of bias and subjectivity when they collect data and information from the participants (Murchison, 2010). The researcher’s own perceptions, feelings and knowledge might be used to interpret actions, conversations and expressions manifested by people riding in the tube. There is the risk that interpretation of data becomes highly subjective. However, this could be avoided if the researcher allows participants to confirm findings and inform the researcher whether interpretation of the interviews is accurate. Hek et al. (2011) emphasise that subjectivity could be prevented by objectively interpreting data. This is done through adopting a nonjudgmental attitude, being open and genuinely interested in what participants are saying (Oermann, 2010). This would lead to data that are more reliable since researchers allow participants to verify the findings. In my experience, I adopted a nonjudgmental attitude to help me empathise with what the partic ipants are saying to me. Placing myself in their situation helped me better understand what they are expressing to me during my collection of data. Parahoo (2006) states that it is important to define phenomena and experiences according to the participant’s perceptions. Reflection I felt that I am part of the community of commuters in the tube since I regularly use this as a mode of transportation. I felt that this is an advantage to me since in-depth analysis of the behaviour of the commuters involves immersing one’s self in the actual environment. Hence, my previous experiences commuting in the tube could help me understand what other people might be experiencing while commuting in the tube. I also realised that different people ride the tube and their diverse background could add to the complexity of analysing the cultural behaviour of commuters in the tube. However, I also realised that the ethnographic method would yield valuable information on the general behaviour of commuters in the tube. Finally, ethnographic method was appropriate for my research question since this helped me form an objective and detailed description of what is happening in the tube. Conclusion Participant observation is an effective tool in collecting anthropological data since this allows researchers to immerse in natural settings. This helps researchers collect more reliable data as participants are observed in actual settings. References: DeWalt, K. Dewalt, B. (2011) Participant observation: A guide for fieldworkers. Plymouth, United Kingdom: Rowman Altamira. Hek, G., Judd, M. Moule, P. (2011) Making Sense of Research, 4th ed., London: Sage Publications. Murchison, J. (2010) Ethnography Essentials: Designing, conducting, and presenting your research, London: John Wiley and Sons. Oermann, M.H. (2010) Writing for publication in nursing, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott. Parahoo, K. (2006) Nursing Research: Principles, Process and Issues, 2nd ed., London: Palgrave Macmillan. Polit, D., Beck, C.T. and Hungler, B.P. (2013) Essentials of Nursing Research. Methods, Appraisal and Utilization, 8th ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott.

Food Supply and Environmental Issues Research Paper

Food Supply and Environmental Issues - Research Paper Example According to past trends, there have been plans of increasing food production in order to counter the increasing consumption rates. Despite the existence of such plans, the consumption rates have often surpassed the production rates (World Centric, 2013). This explains why there are people succumbing to hunger in the developing world. Moreover, the globe lives under the threat of food insecurity because of the changes in climate and diminishing resources. It is a fact that the population will increase immensely in the next thirty years if population growth rates persist. The current seven billion people are likely to increase to about 9 billion in three decades (Diouf, 2010). The world faces challenges in feeding the current population, but must exhibit preparedness to feed an extra two billion people. Such increase will likely cause more strain in the agricultural and fishing sector in order to cater for the rising need. Moreover, with people adopting different lifestyles, the world will likely need more fish and animal livestock (Diouf, 2010). These animals and fish will require feed and this only increases the need. Food is not the only need because population will present a higher energy need for the globe. In order to ensure a level of security in the future, application of new techniques in agriculture to increase yield and combat climate change has been the way for most of the nations. The new techniques include the adoption of new farming methods, search for better seed varieties and improved animal breeds. For some time, conventional breeding seemed to offer a promise for the future but not anymore. There are new problems that challenge the new techniques adopted. Pesticides and insecticides that were once effective are no longer efficient with the increasing resistance from pests (Vidal, 2012). Moreover, stretching the agricultural sector presents its limits because of the potential environmental effects. Therefore, the discovery of better biotechnological methods has been the focus of many scientists in the recent past. Although genetically modified organisms (GMOs) present a glimpse of hope for the future, the politics and criticisms behind them only serve to prove that the worl d needs a better solution. Although the use of GMOs can assure the globe of food security to a certain level, they present new challenges as well, and scientists are still figuring out what they can do to ensure safety (Vidal, 2012). However, these still provide the world with fortified foods presenting a new capacity for agriculture to provide a balanced diet to its ever growing and needy population. Many have urged that green technology will present a better solution (Woody, 2012). The technology comes with handy benefits because it can provide good yields while conserving the environment as well. Although it comes with multiple benefits, it is expensive for the local farmer doing it at small scale. Moreover, the adverse climatic changes that have resulted because of over-exploitation of the

Religion's Influence on Ancient Greek Research Paper

Religion's Influence on Ancient Greek - Research Paper Example Marveling activities were the greatest significant factors of the Greek religion as much emphasis was laid on pleasing their gods so that they could enjoy their lives devoid of oppression and difficulties. Several rituals were conducted as well as rites, sacrifices, and ceremonies were held all in the name of impressing and pleasing the gods. Erection of temples and statues at selected places, were chosen as their holy grounds where they could provide sacrifices to their gods. This paper, examines the role played by the religion in swaying and influencing the ancient laws, arts, as well as the daily life practices by the ancient Greek people. It examines the significance of religion in this ancient Greek society. the Greek society, religion was a significant feature in the cultural practices with the sacrifices and frequent praying to the gods serving as a unifying function of people, with n aim to impressing the gods. They believed in life after death therefore, had faith that after a lifetime, a complete fresh and different life lay ahead of them. Even though the ancient Greek religious practices are practically extinct in their original model, it exists in their culture, religion of the current western practices, as well as their thoughts. In the ancient world, there was not a distinct difference between religion and philosophy entities. Plato 429 - 347 BC "Is that which is holy loved by the gods because it is holy, or is it holy because it is loved by the gods?" 2 "What I say is that 'just' or 'right' means nothing but what is in the interest of the stronger party." 3 The convictions of an average Greek could have been swayed both by the customary faiths and beliefs about their gods as well as the derived thoughts from the philosophers’ teachings. Currently, the teachings by the foremost philosophers such as Socrates and Plato, are often classified as religious presently, which provides the meaning of life, feature of the universe, life after death, and God or gods. Religion provided the structure and regularity for all the features of society and life. Whereas calendars were personal to every city, it was common practice to utilize imitative from the gods’ names to give a name to months. Greek’s religion center of attention was on the consecrated activities as well as customs rather than virtuous convictions and silent praying. The practice of insertion of an individual’s hand on the bible and swearing to it in such places as the courts was an inspiration born in the ancient Greek. In the ancient Greek, all those caught up in a court process, first had to make an appeal to the gods as potential benefactors or punishers, a responsibility then conditional on effectively recognizing the falsehood or truth by the individual who pledged to the oath. Anacharsis - 6th Century BC "Written laws are like a spider's webs; they will catch, it is true, the weak and poor, but would be torn in pieces by the rich and powe rful." Connecting with the gods was therefore done in numerous human legal concerns which could vary from basic domestic misunderstandings to interstate agreements. Most prominent portions of Greek literature, The Odyssey and The Iliad included stories about humans’ relations with gods. A number of carvings were created for the purpose of reverence to the gods. Such include the statue of Athena found in Parthenon. Other pieces of hunting pictures, battling views, the portraits of the gods and heroes as well, were commonly represented on the pieces of ceramics. Aristotle 384 - 322 BC; We make war that we may live in peace, Every art and every investigation, and

Advertising in Deisgn Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advertising in Deisgn - Essay Example At the very basic level of effective advertising stands the ability to engage the consumer and capture their interest. In this way, design is one of the fundamentals of how this interest can be engaged and how a â€Å"first impression† of the firm/entity/organization/business in question can be represented (Croft, 2014). As such, firms must realize that the design process is a stage that corners should not be cut and costs should not be saved. The underlying reason for this has to do with the fact that effective design of any advertising piece is ultimately the initial representation and branding for the business or organization in question (Muryjas & Muryjas, 2013). As such, presenting a below quality design will effectively destroy the level of engagement that such a piece of advertising could have otherwise hoped to have achieved within any specific market. Unfortunately, many of the art design studios that are responsible for creating the basic renderings for how advertisi ng will take place are oftentimes somewhat divorced from the process itself. What this creates is a situation in which the nuances of what is being created are oftentimes lost on the designers (Lin & Chin, 2013. For this very reason, more and more advertisers have begun to integrate art design specialists within the very first iterations of advertising/market planning. In such a way, the message of what his being represented can more effectively and clearly be displayed through the designs that are utilized to help sell a given good or service (Matisoff et al., 2014). The congruity of the design is also an element that is oftentimes overlooked (Kwong et al., 2011). Even if the design stage and result is something that is visually appealing, the level to which the design resonates with what is being sold or what is being advertised is the true measurement of success. Instances abound in corporate history in which large multinational firms engaged in extraordinarily expensive

Develop Workplace Sustainable Policy Management Essay

Develop Workplace Sustainable Policy Management Essay Developing sustainable policies in workplace means to create green environment in office and other thing remain the same that are profit and people. We should thing about the Green environment week in this we should trained our employees to how we can create sustainability in office through training and green environment seminars Communicate workplace sustainable policy The top management issue official notification to all the employees to attend the Green Environment Week and middle management should pay their part and focus to communicate the real meaning to Green Environment Week. Implement workplace sustainable policy After training and seminar management keep that in their employees mind and should tell them the importance of this policy and middle management should implement the policy. Review workplace sustainable policy Implementation After all steps the final stage of this is to evaluate the implementation of the policy and check the results and show this to all the employees that how much important and how much beneficial that is for the company. Activity 1 A). What are three main things businesses should do in order to sustainable future? Making safe and healthy products Treating the workers fairly protect the environment B). How can company reduce waste and pollution? Describe in three ways Develop Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) department Building Schools Using waste to reproduce the helpful material The CSR department planting business and the rest of the company doing business Carbon neutral carpet C). Traditionally when have most companies taken action to change their approach to the environment? When company loss their customer, environmental scandal, abuse labor and produce toxic products D). How does corporate social responsibility work positively towards sustainability? In this video two topics that were conduct into the Corporate Social Responsibility in the parts of living and operational conditions. The first part of study meant to explore and explain corporate policies and planned to instigate social responsibility in the working situation and employment. Two precise issues point out in the study. The second part of the study aimed to develop corporate participation in local society and economic renewal; and the encouragement of environmentally satisfactory practices. The video concludes that CSR is a process not a product. Activity 2 A). List of three most powerful pieces of legislation that present the Australian framework for business sustainability and environment protection Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Strategy Heritage and Environment is supporting business growth and profits through environmental projects that boost efficiency Functioning with business is a key function of the OEH strategy for gets better the sustainability of business in NSW. B). What is the prime purpose of each Act. The Primary purpose of each ACT is following. www.environment.gov.au The department is in charge for implements Australian Governments policy to take care our environment and our Heritage, and to encourage a sustainable way of life. Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 It provides us a legal structure to defend and handle national and international vital Fauna, Flora, Ecological communities and important Heritage places. http://www.climatechange.gov.au/ It will safeguard the environment, sustain our people and support our financial system. The Clean Energy Act 2011 It sets out the method that Australia will introduce a carbon price to reduce Australias carbon pollution and move to a clean energy future. National greenhouse and energy reporting act 2007 This Act provide for the reporting and distribution of information associated to greenhouse gas emissions, greenhouse gas projects, energy production and energy consumption, Clean Energy Regulator It is an autonomous body under Australian Government and set up by this ACT. The Clean Energy Regulator will administer new and existing regulatory schemes including the: Mechanism Carbon Pricing Carbon Farming Initiative program applications Australian National Registry of Emissions Units National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting scheme, and Renewable Energy Target. Comcare Australia Comcare works to reduce the human and financial costs of workplace injuries and disease in the Commonwealth jurisdiction. http://www.ret.gov.au/energy/efficiency/eeo/about/Pages/default.aspx This program encourages the large energy using businesses to improve their energy efficiency. It does this by requiring businesses to identify, evaluate and report publicly on cost effective energy savings opportunities. http://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/pages/default.aspx The primary responsibility of improving work health and safety and workers compensation arrangements across Australia Work health and safety Act 2011 This Act to address issues identified during the implementation of the new WHS laws. Fair work Australia Act 2009 It is the national workplace relations tribunal. It is an independent body with power to carry out a range of functions relating to: the safety net of minimum wages and employment conditions Enterprise bargaining Industrial action Dispute resolution Termination of employment Other workplace matters. Industrial benchmarking Australian centre for sustainable business and development Accelerate sustainable development by proving the business case for sustainability and Profitable business that is good for the world. Australian Sustainable Business Group It helping organizations deal with the substantial and rapidly changing environmental, and greenhouse laws and helping them to become more sustainable Banksia environmental foundation Achieving a Sustainable Australia Recognizing and rewarding environmental excellence Promoting best practice principles contributing to action-learning and education Boral Ltd It provides the construction material whose do not affect the environment Forum for the future It is a non-profit organization working globally with business and government to create a sustainable future. Global reporting initiative To make sustainability reporting standard practice by providing guidance and support to organizations Sustainable business education case studies The Local Government Association of NSW and the Shires Association of NSW represent 152 general purpose councils, 12 special purpose councils and the NSW Aboriginal Land  Council. Sustainable business Australia It is a business think tank and advocacy group promoting commercial solutions to environmental challenges, SBA member companies collectively influence policies to create clean, green business opportunities and help to shape the next great technological era. Implementation toolkits It provides business assistance and advice, strong technical knowledge and scientific capabilities. By integrating the services of the Departments partner agencies we have a stronger capacity to support NSW industry and businesses in creating jobs and leveraging investment. C). Describe what actions businesses must take to comply with each piece of legislation. Businesses must think about these: Take Social responsibility Green Environment Employees benefits Government Regulation Organizational Structure Labor Laws Environment protection steps Business Educational studies Recycling waste Fair work Activity 3 A). Explain what product Stewardship is Product Stewardship is a conception where the Environment, Health, and safety security centers on the product itself and everybody concerned in the lifetime of the product is called leading to take up liability to decrease its Health, Environmental, and protection impacts. For manufacturer, these include planning for paying for the recycle or the disposal of product to end of it valuable life. This may be achieve in parts by re-designing products to use less injurious substances and to be more long-lasting, reusable and ecological and to build products from recycled equipment. For retailer consumer it means captivating a dynamic role in ensure the correct disposal or recycle of an end of life goods. B). Explain who product stewardship related to waste management The Local harmful Waste Management Program endorse product stewardship philosophy as a management strategy because in the present waste management organization, all the liability for managing toxic goods fall to local government and rate-payers, even if they do not use the goods. The manufacturers who design and market the product are not the part of the recycling organization. Product stewardship program require producer to collect, finance, transport and correctly dispose of their goods at end of life. Product stewardship program is being implemented in many countries like Canada, Asian, Europe and many parts of the countries including Australia. Waste Reduction and Recycling Act 2011(QLD) (31 of 2011) (ACT) gives a chance to make significant improvement in waste resource management. The Act gives a mixture of mechanisms within a frame that seek to support waste reduction and resource recovery and thereby reducing the impact on environment of waste even as promote sustainability. C). What legislation and regulates product Stewardship. The Product Stewardship Act 2011 gives the frame to efficiently manage the environmental and health of people and safety impacts of goods, and in exacting that impact related with the disposal of goods. The frame includes voluntary and co-regulatory and compulsory product stewardship. The way of the legislation deliver on an answer promise by the Australian Govt. under the National Waste Policy, this was agreed by governments in NOV 2009 and authorized by the Council of Australian Governments in August 2010. Activity 4 A). What EMS will cover Environmental issues and opportunities to be addressed by EMS Environmental and business results with their benefits Establish aims, scientific measures and objectives, and related milestones. Get management promise to EMS, describe EMS resource needs, and categorize EMS leaders Existing plan, program, procedure, process, and tools important to the EMS Identify improvements to attain EMS objectives Assign job for developing enhanced or developing new procedure, process, and tools. Identify personnel affected by EMS, define responsibilities, and communicate responsibilities EMS related training needs responsibilities and schedule. Evaluate EMS project performance Top management Review progress, identifies adjustments, and confirms commitments. B). What legislation, codes and practice and industry standards it will comply with Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 Fuel Quality Standards Act 2000 Hazardous Waste (Regulation of Exports and Imports) Act 1989 Product Stewardship Act 2011 The National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA) Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC) The Australian Industry Standard Australian accounting standards Fields of Research (FOR) classification Research Fields, Courses and Disciplines (RFCD) classification Socio-Economic Objective (SEO) classification Labor law C). how will be responsible for its management Manager himself responsible for its management or Leader of the EMS and Department of CSR and top management how finalize it D). how it will follow product whole of life principles The green environment always helps to product whole of life principles it will also helps to this approach. E). what you will do to communicate the EMS to all stakeholders- internal and external Internal stakeholders always knows the importance of EMS and I can also communicate this to my honorable stakeholders, doing this we will improve the management by direct communicate the lower staff and remove hesitation, collect the real information it will help in other problems, labor also happy with us and they knows that company will do something for them. I will tell External stakeholder that people like us for this EMS and it will increase the market share and profit and build brand name or company name less toxic products make customer happy and increase our sales revenue and investor love to invest in our company it will increase our business. Activity 5 Research the green offices and describe five ways you can create a more environmentally friendly working environment. The hype of going to be green you have already started to replace family unit cleaners with organic ones and using a petrol car to a hybrid car but why we stop at office? Green office means to make your offices environment friendly and sustainable. Green Office is to aim to support employees across the world to make little change to their working practice to positively affect the environment. It raises knowledge of important green matters, as long as office employees with the realistic advices and tools and give help to create a extra sustainable method of working. Five ways that helps us to make friendlier working environment. Use Soy-based ink (Soybeans ink) Remove waste of Vending Machine (Coffee Machine) Cut Down Transportation (Carpools Matching Service) Less use of lights Less use of papers if office, use Networking to share documents

Diferencias Entre Investigación Cualitativa y Cuantitativa :: El método científico

El objetivo de cualquier ciencia es adquirir conocimientos y la eleccià ³n del mà ©todo adecuado que nos permita conocer la realidad es por tanto fundamental1. El problema surge al aceptar como ciertos los conocimientos errà ³neos o viceversa. Los mà ©todos inductivos y deductivos tienen objetivos diferentes y podrà ­an ser resumidos como desarrollo de la teorà ­a y anà ¡lisis de la teorà ­a respectivamente. Los mà ©todos inductivos està ¡n generalmente asociados con la investigacià ³n cualitativa mientras que el mà ©todo deductivo està ¡ asociado frecuentemente con la investigacià ³n cuantitativa. Los cientà ­ficos sociales en salud que utilizan abordajes cualitativos enfrentan en la actualidad problemas epistemolà ³gicos y metodolà ³gicos que tienen que ver con el poder y la à ©tica en la generacià ³n de datos asà ­ como con la validez externa de los mismos2. La investigacià ³n cuantitativa es aquella en la que se recogen y analizan datos cuantitativos sobre variables. La investigacià ³n cualitativa evita la cuantificacià ³n. Los investigadores cualitativos hacen registros narrativos de los fenà ³menos que son estudiados mediante tà ©cnicas como la observacià ³n participante y las entrevistas no estructuradas3. La diferencia fundamental entre ambas metodologà ­as es que la cuantitativa estudia la asociacià ³n o relacià ³n entre variables cuantificadas y la cualitativa lo hace en contextos estructurales y situacionales4. La investigacià ³n cualitativa trata de identificar la naturaleza profunda de las realidades, su sistema de relaciones, su estructura dinà ¡mica. La investigacià ³n cuantitativa trata de determinar la fuerza de asociacià ³n o correlacià ³n entre variables, la generalizacià ³n y objetivacià ³n de los resultados a travà ©s de una muestra para hacer inferencia a una poblacià ³n de la cual toda muestra p rocede. Tras el estudio de la asociacià ³n o correlacià ³n pretende, a su vez, hacer inferencia causal que explique por quà © las cosas suceden o no de una forma determinada. Las diferencias mà ¡s ostensibles entre ambas metodologà ­as se muestran en la tabla 1 5-6. Los fundamentos de la metodologà ­a cuantitativa podemos encontrarlos en el positivismo que surge en el primer tercio del siglo XIX como una reaccià ³n ante el empirismo que se dedicaba a recoger datos sin introducir los conocimientos mà ¡s allà ¡ del campo de la observacià ³n. Alguno de los cientà ­ficos de esta à ©poca dedicados a temas relacionados con las ciencias de la salud son Pasteur y Claude Bernard, siendo este à ºltimo el que propuso la experimentacià ³n en medicina1. A principios del siglo XX, surge el neopositivismo o positivismo là ³gico siendo una de las aportaciones mà ¡s importantes la induccià ³n probabilà ­stica.

Marketing Term Report on Shan

MARKETING TERM REPORT BY KHAN AKHTER RUMMAN SHAN FOODS ABOUT THE COMPANY: Shan Foods came into existence in 1981 when it began operations from a single room as it was Shan Masala back then, launched full range of spices to cater to local public,due to its popularity Shan started exporting after a few years due to increased international popularity. But after sometime, the need to reposition the brand was felt. It needed to be repositioned as a food brand rather than a spice brand.Re-imaging the organization became necessary for re-positioning of the brand; it was a job well done and led to continued success of Shan on national and international fronts. The name of Shan Foods has become synonymous with highest quality and exquisite taste. . There are six broad categories of varieties Shan deals in including recipe mixes, plain spices, dessert mixes. Shan Food’s vision is â€Å"to be a dominant global player in food products and socially responsible company that attains its qua lity standards so that Shan stands for tradition trust and good taste. MARKETING STRATEGY: DIFFERENTIATION OF PRODUCT: Shan is able to differentiate from its competitors through its added facilities of the  V-look  technology and the coal grinding technology is only an example to their dedication to  provide nothing but the best  to their consumers . It’s the world class quality that brings the blind trust of the consumers on Shan products that it will not only be hygienically prepared but would be secure from any harmful ingredients that loose spices offer. TARGETED MARKET: Females aging from 18 to 45 years compose the main target market of Shan Foods.This is because of the reason that in our part of the world, women are mostly related to the food and cooking. Hence, Shan Foods develops products that are according the needs and wants of these women no matter if they are stay-at-home or working, single or married ones. POSITIONING OF THE PRODUCT: Shan Foods position s tatement is â€Å"To the confident and convenience seeking woman of today, our wide range of Shan spice mixes offer premium quality products, made with the finest ingredients like no other. It is just for the fact that the consumers should be provided with solution of having a tasty meal in no time with homemade mixes of recipes and spices. MARKETING MIX PRODUCT: The products of Shan can be broadly categorized into 6 categories, with multiple sub-categories. Looking at the product portfolio of Shan Foods, it is seen that Shan Foods has given is consumers an offering for every occasion and every type of taste. Be it traditional cuisine mixes like Biryani or an offering in the Dessert category; Shan has an offering to complement all the good things in life associated with food.The different product offerings of Shan Foods are: * -Biryani Mixes- * Stir Fried Foods- * Curry Spice Mixes * -Deep Fried Foods- * Barbeque-Vegetarian Foods- * Instant Foods * Khushbudaar Lehsan * Zaiqedaar Ad rak * Khatta Khatai * Qasuri Methi * Karara Zeera * Taiz Laal Mirch * Taaza Dhaniya * Zaafrani Garam Masala. * Teekhi Kaali Mirch * Khaalis Haldee PRICE: The pricing of all Shan offerings varies and depends on each Stock Keeping Unit (SKU). However, the price ranges for five (out of six) categories of Shan product offerings are as follows: * Recipe Mix: The Recipe mixes range from Rs. 0 to 40 * Plain Spices: Pricing of Plain spices varies SKU wise. For example, 50 grams red chili powder is available at a price of Rs. 20 and150 grams at Rs. 115 * Dessert Mixes: Desserts are all priced at Rs. 35 * Pickles Pickle pricing is Rs. 170 for 1000 grams, pricing varies as per SKU PLACE: Shan is easily available at all general stores as well as departmental stores. Shan Foods is focusing on the indirect marketing channels where they sell Shan products through retailers. Shan Foods is also available in 60 foreign countries.The brand is exported to UK, USA, and Middle East and now to Far East re gions as well. Sales Force in Shan Foods is divided into three types: General Trade (general stores, Kiryana stores, Medical and Genaral stores), Local modern trade (super stores such as Aghaz, Naheed, Chase), and International Modern trade (Large houses such as Makro and Metro). PROMOTION: It has started to reach out to a wider audience keeping in mind the changing lifestyle to nuclear families and convenience seekers. The advertisements of Shan’s offerings focus entirely in the females of the family.The marketing strategy is very customer oriented i. e. Shan emphasizes on marketing its products keeping in mind its customers thus having a customer centric view. Shan has recently realized that a potential part of the population i. e. the teenagers are the ones that will become tomorrow’s decision makers. More recently, the major marketing or promotional expenditure done by Shan Foods is on making deals with television channels for their commercial air time. MARKETING E NVIRONMENT: There is a lot of difficulty of this marketing environment are low prices and unbranded competitor’s.Due to high competition and low prices of competitors it gets difficult to attract customers to buy their product. It is very difficult to earn brand loyalty. Apart from this, some of the major driving forces in the Pakistani spice industry are changes in societal concerns, lifestyles and attitudes, product innovation and changes in who buy the product and how they use it. There are many factors behind increased demand of spices in Pakistan; a major factor is the changing lifestyles of people who now prefer ready to use ingredients over traditional home made spices.Also, spices have always been in demand due  to the sub-continental style of cooking. As there are a number of competitors in the market, the consumers and buyers have substantial power to influence the marketing of Shan products. Major resellers and wholesalers like Metro and Makro are generally used for grocery shopping or bulk buying which is why Unilever also uses them as a forum to create awareness of their products. For example separate customized and decorated racks for display of all Shan recipes. COMPETITORS:Except for small unbranded products Shan has a large share of competition from National foods, Mehran foods, Ahmed Foods, Habib Foods, Zaiqa Foods and Kitchen Secrets. Only 40% use the branded product and 60% percent of consumers use the unbranded product, hence local spice manufacturers and grinders pose as major competitors. Shan Foods and National Foods are almost occupying the similar share in Volumes as well as in % but the growth of Shan Foods is Showing the steady increase while the National foods is Showing fluctuations in its market growth.Strategic distribution of both Shaan and National products pose as a major competitive advantage because although Chef’s Pride holds the third position is market share, it should be noted that it is not available in many retail outlets across Pakistan and especially Karachi. ANALYSIS OF COMPETITORS: Due to the unbranded products having 60 % of the market Shan only has to compete for the 40% of the share of the market. The major competitors of the 40% market are National foods, Mehran foods, Ahmed foods, Habib foods, Zaiqa foods and Kitchen secrets.When it comes to food products, taste development and loyalty are major concerns which are well considered by Shan Foods in contrast to its competitors as they target taste values and customer satisfaction more than they target family values like marketing campaigns of National Foods. Due to having competitors making almost the same products as Shan there is rigid competition in the market on price and quality both of which they cannot give up on or else the other product takes the market. CHARACTERS AFFECTING CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR:The major attractive characteristics of Shan include its persistent good taste, maintained high quality, health friendly an d attractive packaging and availability. Moreover, it keeps the loyal customers satisfied with delicious taste. Moreover, the wide range of products and SKU’s available consolidate Shan’s presence in various niches and keep its customers loyal to the brand. In this regard, Shan’s ‘Oriental recipes’ proved very beneficial in the retention of customers. With their introduction, many housewives are now able to make restaurant standard food at home.And this attracted the modern youth to eat at home as they prefer continental food. Another attractive characteristic is that Shan foods is a leading exporter of food items from Pakistan providing it an opportunity to tap the large global market which helps it to expand at a rapid pace. At the same time, the consumers have been greatly inclined by the brand communication of Shan. Shan’s strategy of showing mouthwatering dishes on their bill boards and in advertisements has been an immense success. This â€Å"Big Idea† has been running for more than 3 years and still has not lost its relevance.Hence, the nature and intensity of these campaigns have been bolstered by Shan’s external marketing through bill boards, television advertisements, high repetition and short duration messages on TV, cooking programs for housewives and sponsored events. BUYING DECISION BEHAVIOUR: As people live in metro cities they tend to go for branded products compared to unbranded ones. In our product’s case, customers are most likely to have complex buying behavior. This is mainly because there is a high perceived difference among the brands of recipes. In Pakistan, people love their food.And want it according to their traditional taste. This encourages a complex procedure of choosing between brands. However, the customers who are conformed to the taste of Shan will not go for the other competitors irrespective of their marketing strategy. Moreover, the purchase of Shan Masala involv es a great amount of consumer involvement. This is because the purchase of Shan’s products changes according to seasons. If on one occasion Fruitchart masala is in demand because of Holy Ramadan, BBQ mixes could be indemand on Eids or in summers when families invite friends over on BBQ parties.The Haleem & BBQ mix are in greater demand during the winter season whileChana Chat mix is purchased more often in summer. This requires constant attention of customers in their purchases. Hence the high consumer involvement and significant perceived differences among brands involves a complex buying behavior. BUYING DECISION PROCESS: Since Shan is a well known product with its own target market, customer’s decision making process will not be very lengthy. However, several customers might undergo through the following steps: Need recognition: At this stage, the buyer recognizes the problem or need.In Pakistan, the busy schedule of people and easy-living trend has made Shan Recipe s an inevitable part of every household’s grocery. Similarly in foreign countries, the feeling of home and desirability of traditional food encourages the move towards Shan Recipes. Information search: at this stage measures like internet blogs, TV advertisements and communication with peers, etc are taken by different customers to reach to a buying decision. In Shan’s case, very few customers will undertake this step due to its strong brand position in Pakistan.This is because of Shan’s strong heritage in Pakistani households, it is passed on from mothers to daughters, like values and beliefs. Similarly in foreign countries the sources of information are the newly shifted relatives, online search engine and the availability in shopping marts. Evaluation of alternative: Different consumers have different evaluation process. This depends upon several factors including their affiliation and past experience with the product. In Shan’s case, most of the Pakis tani customers are old regular users and are unlikely to go through this stage.However, in foreign countries, new customers may go for the alternative brands to get the best. This stage depends upon the availability of other competitors. Purchase decision: Generally this decision might be influenced by attitude of others or unexpected situational factors. However, in our products case, external determinants are mainly economic factors and demeaning product quality. Post purchase behavior: Shan has established certain expectations with its brand which it aims to fulfill. Almost all of the consumers take certain actions after their consumption based on their satisfaction or dissatisfaction.Moreover they undergo cognitive dissonance, which means that the satisfaction or dissatisfaction involves certain compromises. In Shan’s case, the compromises made by new customers are the advantages of close competitive detergent. BIBILOGRAPHY http://shanfoodspk. com/ http://www. scribd. com /doc/37193856/Strategic-Management-Comparision-of-Shan-Foods-and-National-Foods http://www. nation. com. pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/business/04-Jul-2010/Shan-Foods-promotes-healthy-environment http://www. importgenius. com/shipments/shan-foods-private-limited. html http://pakbiz. com/profile/Shan-Foods/

Hawaii Log essays

Hawaii Log essays A hole. Just big enough for an adult male to swim through and make it to the other side gasping for air. And it beckoned for my attempt. I would have to hold my breath for, at tops, a minute and a half, and once I was half way in, there was no turning back. About ten feet under water and twelve feet long, this wonder of a tunnel had an eerie darkness to it and yet I had to do it. I had to swim through it. I took my breath and headed down. As I pulled myself through the entrance, I kicked my feet as hard as I could, immediately thinking of the consequences to this mini self-contest I had started against myself. Once around the rigid corner I could see a glimpse of light near the end of the tunnel. It was beautiful, like something you would have seen in a movie or a dream. I finally made it and pushed myself up off the coral exit only to take in something I had lacked for the past minute and fifteen seconds. It was the most exhilarating thing I had ever done. Vacationing Hawaii was an exhilarating experience because it showed me all the beauty I had been missing in my life. My first day at the big island, otherwise known as Hawaii, was catching up day. My family and I had flown nearly twelve hours total to get there, so naturally, we wanted to sleep. It felt great and while resting I began to think of all the cool things we were going to be doing for the next two weeks. My family had always been talking about taking a trip to Hawaii, but I never believed we would. After our day of pure sleep, we set out to take on our first trip into the main city (the size of a town) called Kona. This city had one main road that ran parallel with the ocean; but it had the best of shops and the finest of resorts. Upon entering, my family and I noticed the Kona City Beach Park. This was the main tourist beach in the area, but there was still a very small crowd of people. So we decided to spend the day there. I couldnt believe how clear...

Battle of the Dictionaries

Battle of the Dictionaries Battle of the Dictionaries Battle of the Dictionaries By Maeve Maddox In commenting on the article Forte or Fortà «, Cache or Cachet?, Geoff Foster points out that the Oxford American Dictionary on his Mac supports the /fortay/ pronunciation of forte (in the sense of strong point). He also implies that the same dictionary gives a pronunciation for another French borrowing, cadre, that ignores the /r/ sound. NOTE: Im a bit puzzled about this one. The dictionary on my new Mac laptop gives the pronunciation /kad ree/ for cadre. Pierre B. asks why Americans want to put a /t/ in the French borrowing niche. Alas, when it comes to pronunciation, English speakers face constant decisions. For those who wish to support their decisions with the authority of a dictionary, the first decision to be made is that of which dictionary to cite! As Geoff points out, the Oxford American on the Mac gives the /fortay/ pronunciation as the first choice for forte with the sense of strong point. Its first pronunciation for cadre in his dictionary drops the /r/ sound. The Webster Unabridged, on the other hand, gives /fort/ as the first choice for this use of forte, and offers a pronunciation with the /r/ sound in its first choice for cadre. An alternate pronunciation for cadre, without the /r/ sound, is flagged as chiefly British. Both dictionaries show a short i pronunciation and a /ch/ sound for the che in niche. The /ch/ phonogram (ch as in church) sounds as if it has a /t/ in it. Webster gives a second pronunciation of /nish/ which avoids the /t/ sound, but still gives the word a short i sound for the vowel. As Geoff advises in his comment, take your pick. My pick for forte is /fort/. My pick for niche is /neesh/. As for cadre, I might use the word in writing, but I cant imagine having occasion to use it in conversation. In such an event Id probably include an /r/ sound. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Direct and Indirect Objects50 Idioms About Meat and Dairy Products20 Movies Based on Shakespeare Plays

Clean fuel is better for te envirement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Clean fuel is better for te envirement - Essay Example Moreover, these gases have the potential to create â€Å"ground-level ozone†, which is a layer that results when sunlight reacts with the pollutants mentioned above. Such atmospheric developments can have catastrophic consequences – including but not restricted to respiratory illnesses. In this context it is all the more imperative that a transition is made from conventional varieties of fuel to more environmentally friendly ones (Chang 24). Cleaner fuels on the other hand emit lesser quantities of hydrocarbons, which is a key factor in the formation of â€Å"ground-level ozone†. These new alternatives can reduce the emitted pollutants by nearly ninety percent, which makes a significant contribution towards restoring a healthy balance of atmospheric gases (Elliot 25). A disturbing trend over the last few decades has been the slow but significant accumulation of green-house gases, which are pivotal to the phenomena of global warming. The newer cleaner fuels such as electricity, natural gas and alcohol are not only advantageous to the environment but to the consumer as well. For example, these alternatives give the consumer more options to choose from. By reducing the dependence on petroleum they also bring forth economic advantages to the consumer (Chang 25). Let us now look at the advantages each new cleaner fuel provides. Ethanol, for example, emits very low levels of hydrocarbons and other toxic gases. More importantly, it can be produced in a small scale and by recycling wood and paper. Methanol, on the other hand can be extracted form natural gas, coal and wood. Propane is another cleaner fuel now gaining prominence. It is not only easy to manufacture but also very cheap compared to gasoline. But of the all gases, natural gas is the most eco-friendly and suitable for long-distance transportation. The most appealing non-gas fuel is electricity as it has â€Å"recharge†

Stephen Kings Novels Recreated into Films Movie Review

Stephen Kings Novels Recreated into Films - Movie Review Example The story of Dr Louis Creed (Midkiff) and his efforts to revive his three-year-old son (Hughes), killed by one of the giant trucks that thunder past their new Maine home, is more like a sketchy outline than a finished work. No film about a scalpel-wielding three-year-old psycho zombie could be entirely devoid of shocks. But reams of tedious exposition, about a children's pet 'sematary' and the magical resurrecting properties of an Indian burial ground, stretch patience and credulity to their limits, while Lambert fails to exploit the potential of the novel's best set pieces. The stories told in flashback by Creed's wife (Crosby) and their elderly neighbour (Gwynne) also seem hopelessly contrived, arresting the book's page-turning plot without adding emotional or psychological depth. If Pet Sematary was just a movie, then it might seem somehow acceptable: its plot, sort of a modern day zombie flick, is fairly creepy, and its premise is sufficiently horrific. Pet Sematary is not, however, a stand-alone film. It is, after all, a translation of a novel, and a great novel, at that. Though plotwise, the film stays fairly true to Stephen King's novel, it remains flat and unconvincing throughout. Unfortunately, this is a fate that has befallen most of King's work. Stephen King's novels don't, as a rule, translate well onto the silver screen. In much the same way that Church, having come back from the dead, seems to be missing something vital, so do King's books when they transition to movies. Perhaps this is because so much of the action in Stephen King's novels, so much of what is horrifying in them, happens to the characters internally. It is their thoughts, their fears, their histories and hopes, that make King's novels so successful. Films often have difficulty con veying this, and this is especially true of the horror genre. Pet Sematary is no exception to this rule. The novel that Pet Sematary is based on is probably one of the best, most terrifying horror novels ever written, and that only makes the movie even more disappointing. In his novel, Stephen King reveals the horror layer by layer, peeling away the sense of normality and safety little by little, until all that is left is sheer terror. Dreamcatcher Starring: Morgan Freeman, Thomas Jane, Director: Lawrence Kasdan, Release Date: March 2003, Genres: Horror, Suspense. The movie opens with four troubled guys in their late twenties, Dr. Henry Devlin (Thomas Jane), Joe 'Beaver' Clarendon (Jason Lee), Gary 'Jonesy' Jones (Damian Lewis) and Pete Moore (Timothy Olyphant), dealing with their gift. These lifelong buddies were given the ability to read minds and more by a mentally challenged guy named Douglas 'Duddits' Cavell (Donnie Wahlberg) when they were young. Now they use their magic to do such mundane things as finding the lost car keys of a real estate agent that one of them wants to date. But their talents will soon be put to the test. Meanwhile back in the snow-covered woods where the guys are going for their annual outing, trouble is brewing. The mad Colonel Abraham Kurtz (Morgan Freeman), ably assisted by