Person Vs Professional Ethics On The Embryonic Stem Cell...

Katty Miles MA105 Medical Law Ethics Jimmy Ellis Person vs Professional Ethics on the Embryonic stem cell study 2/15/2017 Miller Motte College, NC The study of the Embryonic Stem Cell is a new interactive way of treatment The embryonic stem cell is a great medical study and medical opportunity in the medical society that we live in today. As a medical care provider I know the in the medical world it has its challenges that are associated with different reproductive technology. With the new medical research on the embryonic stem cell it has it’s negative and positive views the negative view. New medical study of human stem cell treatment The different kinds of treatments with the scientific medical study of the stem cell The embryonic†¦show more content†¦Some research has opposed to this medical study and other have approved of the human stem cell study. This is Destruction of a humans’ life an embryo is a developing baby and is un ethical regardless if it’s benefits. The stem cell is obtained from a living person and the mother embryo is removed from her ovaries. For harvesting this will kill and destroy the embryo there are other forms of stem cells. The adult cells are non-embryonic theses are from placentas and umbilical cords and does not cause destruction to a human being. For the Ethical in this medical cell study the adult and embryonic stem cell have to be equal. So if the fetal cells are collected from a miscarriage or a stillborn birth there is medical possible way to be able to remove a fetus still alive from the mother womb without any harm done to the mother or fetuses than there are no ethical issues. On the other hand, if the mother wants an abortion the fetus stem cells will be collected this as unethical destruction killing a human the umbilical cord is not attached at birth or an infant than collecting the umbilical cords blood is ethical to obtain the stem cells. There is the adult stem cell these are a different that are non-embryonic cells. Which are located in the human’s placentas and umbilical cords of a baby or infant collecting the cells from these does not cause destructionShow MoreRelatedWhy Should We Be Ethical? the Relevance of Ethics in Life8703 Words   |  35 Pages 12/12/2011, 04.30 pm Why should we be ethical? The relevance of ethics in life Biz Ethics IIMK Group a, Section D Ankur dey Tarafdar, PGP/15/204, Ankur Kaithal, PGP/15/205, Bagya Lakshmi, PGP/15/212 Gauri Chodankar, PGP/15/215 Jayntwin Katia, PGP/15/224 Why should we be ethical? - The importance of ethics in life Abstract As Albert Schweitzer puts it â€Å"Ethics is nothing else but reverence for life†. 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The Success Of The Amazon - 3201 Words

Abstract: Amazon.com is an On-line retailer of, originally, books. The company was established as a micro enterprise in the US in 1994. Since then it has enjoyed rapid expansion in all aspects of its operations, including business turnover, and a spectacular rise in share value since public floatation in 1997. New on-line sites based in Germany and UK and a distribution center in Amsterdam were established in 1998 to cater for European markets. On August 30, 2000 Amazon.com launched its third site outside the US, Amazon.fr in France. Amazon.com sells only on-line and is essentially an information broker. It holds a relatively small, though increasing, inventory and outsources most aspects of its operations. Almost every aspect of amazon†¦show more content†¦Although Jeff Bezos had no previous experience in the book trade, he saw a business opportunity in selling books solely on the Web. He started the company out of his garage in a Seattle suburb, wrapping orders and then delivering t hem to the post office in the family car. The characteristics of the books retailing industry make it amenable to electronic commerce: a great variety of products and consumer tastes, and tastes which hanker after a lot of information about the products. Moreover, there is room for bringing down margins, i.e. offering customers deep discounts. Jeff Bezos picked the name Amazon because it is the biggest river on earth. He wanted his on-line bookstore to become Earth s Biggest Bookstore, but without the need to stock vast quantities of books. Amazon.com would be lean, fit but hungry. A screenshot of Amazon.com s very first homepage Amazon.com opened its virtual doors in July 1995 with 1.1 million titles, almost ten times the number of books carried by an average bookstore. Amazon quickly became the largest online seller of books and has since parlayed that lead and leveraged its large customer base (17 million and growing) to rapidly expand into additional retail categories. Today, Amzon.com is considered the largest and most aggressive pure-play consumer e-commerce company, offering its customer an estimated 18 million unique products : books, music, videos, toys,

Language Development in Exceptional Circumstances Free Essays

â€Å"Ever since attempts have been made to describe and explain normal language development, references to exceptional circumstances have been made. † (Bishop Mogford, 1988: v) Language development in exceptional circumstances refers to cases of child language acquisition which are considered as departing from the norm. In the following, five types of exceptional circumstances will be taken into account; that is: the case of neglected children, the case of hearing children brought-up by deaf parents, the case of bilingual children, the case of twins, and the case of children affected by Williams syndrome. We will write a custom essay sample on Language Development in Exceptional Circumstances or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is by no means a full consideration of all existing exceptional circumstances for language development; rather it is a selection of the cases which I find most revealing to gain insight into normal language development. Indeed, in the light of the aforementioned exceptional circumstances, we will be able to draw understandings about language development in its unexceptional nature, such as its relationship to environmental factors (I) and to other cognitive devices (II). First of all, exceptional circumstances can provide important evidence relevant to the role played by the verbal environment in child language acquisition. Neglected children, hearing children brought-up by deaf parents, bilingual children, and twins, are all faced to a certain form of restricted verbal stimulation. For instance, Marie Mason (1942) reported a case that concerned a neglected child, Isabelle, who had been kept in seclusion with her deaf and mute mother because she was illegitimate. They spent their time in a dark room shut away from the family who had rejected them, and Isabelle was completely deprived of language until she gained her freedom at the age of 6. Children of deaf parents are also limited in their exposure to spoken language, although in the context of otherwise normal social, communicative and environmental stimulation. As for children who are brought-up bilingual and as twins, verbal stimulation is similarly impaired, the former because their exposure to one particular language is reduced ecause they must deal with two languages simultaneously, and the latter because one family’s linguistic resources are shared between two infants in the same developmental stage. Yet, just as Isabelle went on to develop normal language in only 18 months’ time after gaining her freedom (Skuse, 1988: 33), children of deaf parents, bilingual children, and twins, also develop normal language over time, albeit the adverse circumstances. This provides evid ence of resilience of language acquisition. Indeed, the fact that these children, despite such unfavourable circumstances, ultimately achieve linguistic proficiency (not unlike an ordinary child) tells us that children learn language despite a restricted language input, meaning that innate language abilities must have a substantial role in normal language acquisition. In this sense, exceptional circumstances indicate that the principles of language development advocated by behaviourists are quite inadequate to explain how the child develops language, and provides evidence in favour of Noam Chomsky’s theory of Universal Grammar. Conversely, however, exceptional circumstances do provide some evidence of the importance of the verbal environment for normal language development. For instance, Genie, another neglected child who was discovered at 13 years of age after having been locked in a small room and beaten by her father whenever she uttered a sound, never fully recovered from the deprivation of language in her early years. Although she is now 55 years-old, she never acquired true linguistic competence. This gives evidence for the existence of a time window during which external influences have a significant effect. Just as songbirds will learn to sing the appropriate song for their species only if they hear that song in the first few weeks of life, there is a critical period for the child to successfully develop language† (Bishop Mogford, 1988: 252). This ‘critical period’ is set from birth to sometime between 5 and 7 years of age depending on the individual, which is why Isabelle –who was 6 when liberated– developed language readily, while Genie –who was 13– did not. Therefore, exceptional circumstances provide insight into a critical period for language development after which failed experiences in infancy cannot be compensated. Moreover, exceptional circumstances can also provide insight into the relationship between language and cognition. In this section, we shall consider the case of children affected by Williams syndrome. Williams syndrome is characterized by a sophisticated use of language with complex syntax and adult-like vocabulary in individuals who otherwise demonstrate no evidence of concrete operational behaviour on Piagetian tasks, and whose overall level of mental development is below that of a 7-year-old (Jones Smith, 1988: 248). In other words, Williams syndrome children are mentally retarded, yet they demonstrate impressive lexical semantic abilities, complex expressive morphology and syntax, and good metalinguistic skills. For instance, three Williams syndrome adolescents were investigated: Van (age 11), Crystal (age 15), and Ben (age 16). Their full-scale IQ scores on traditional intelligence tests were: Van, 50; Crystal, 49; and Ben, 54. However, their scores on formal tests of language were higher than performance on non-language cognitive tasks (Bishop Mogford, 1975: 182). This relative sparing of language in the face of other cognitive impairments is particularly revealing about the relationship between language and cognition in that it implies that there is dissociation between language and other cognitive functions. Similarly, it may be particularly striking that, in patients of global aphasia, which is a severe language disorder, other cognitive skills remain functioning, affirming that language faculty is indeed a separate domain (Saffran et al). Therefore, the exceptional case of Williams syndrome children, and the rather converse instance global aphasia, indicate that normal language development is not directly related to intelligence, hence why language is acquired rapidly and uniformly by all ‘normal’ children, irrespective of intelligence. In conclusion, language development in exceptional circumstances stands as a window into the analysis of normal language development. In the words of Gary Dell: â€Å"the inner workings of a highly complex system are often revealed by the way in which the system breaks down† (Baars, 1992: 5). Indeed, throughout this essay, the study of exceptional circumstances has provided us with evidence that, although language input has an important role in language development, it may be limited, given the Poverty of Stimulus argument. The study of exceptional circumstances has also evidenced the existence of a critical period for language development and made the issociation between language and other cognitive functions clearer. Nonetheless, one must bear in mind that a more in-depth study of exceptional circumstances, for instance one that would take into account infantile autism or Down syndrome children, would certainly provide us with further information about the components of normal language development. Unfortunately, given the time limitations for the realization of this essay, these aspects will be left for o thers to analyse. How to cite Language Development in Exceptional Circumstances, Essays

Physiology Neurobiology Example For Students

Physiology Neurobiology Unlike the abdominal viscera, the thoracic viscera are separated into two cavities by an area called the mediastinum. What is the clinical importance of this compartmental arrangement? The clinical importance of this compartmental arrangement is that the mediastinum region contains a lot of major and essential parts of the human body. The mediastinum contains the pericardial cavity, thymus, trachea, esophagus, and major blood vessels. The fact that it’s placed in a sort of central space of the upper body provides these major parts with a protective barrier of tissues and serous membranes. Even though the mediastinum itself doesn’t have a serous membrane most of the thoracic cavity does. Also this region encloses the heart by two layers of pericardium; serous membrane. The mediastinum creates a barrier in between the two compartments which enclose the lungs. This is clinically beneficial to the human body because if one lung gets injured, diseased, or infected, the other one may remain functional due to the protective barrier of the mediastinum (McKinley). The process of hemostasis is associated with positive feedback. Describe the specific events that confirm this statement.Homeostasis is the state of equilibrium, or constant internal environment, in the body (McKinley).The specific event that confirms that positive feedback is in-fact associated with homeostasis is how positive feedback brings the body back to homeostasis after an injury. Due to injury, homeostasis of the body is thrown off and positive feedback leads to speeding up of blood clotting where the injury occurred. The process consists of platelet plug formation, coagulation, vascular spasm, and arterial dilation. Out of this process the step that shows the most positive feedback is the platelet plug formation. In this step in damaged tissue, platelets aggregate to form a plug that seals off the broken blood vessel in undamaged tissue, platelets are prevented from sticking together by nitric oxide and prostacyclin. As platelets stick together, they swell and release ADP, serotonin, and thromboxane A2 which cause more platelets to aggregate and release their chemicals. This one step shows a positive feedback cycle (oakparkusd.org). How do the following systems serve to maintain homeostatic regulation of body fluid volume? (a) Urinary (b) digestive (c) integumentary (d) cardiovascular. Be sure to include the interaction of ECF and ICF. By filtering the blood and other extracellular fluids the urinary system maintains homeostatic regulation of body fluid volume .The kidneys play a large role within filtering about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid (personal knowledge) Within the digestive tract the food is broken down to nutrient molecules small enough to be absorbed by the villi of the small intestine. Digestive enzymes are produced by the digestive tract and by the pancreas (personal knowledge). In addition the liver produces bile, an emulsifier that plays a role in the digestion of fats. Bile, which is stored in the gallbladder, enters the small intestine along with the pancreatic enzymes. Following the absorption of nutrients, blood passes from the region of the small intestine to the liver by way of the hepatic portal vein. The liver, which monitors the blood, is a very important organ of homeostasis. The liver breaks down toxic substances like alcohol and other drugs, and it produces urea, the end product of nitrogenous metabolism. The liver produces the plasma proteins and stores glucose as glycogen after eating. In between eating it releases glucose, thereby keeping the blood glucose concentration constant. The liver destroys old blood cel ls and breaks down hemoglobin†¦hemoglobin breakdown products are excreted in bile (McGraw-Hill College Division). In this system the extracellular and intracellular fluid concentrations are controlled by osmosis. If the fluid inside the cell is concentrated water will flow into the cell, if the opposite occurs water will flow out of the cell. Perspiration is the main way the integumentary system goes through homeostasis. Perspiration is sweat that mostly consists of water and inorganic salts. The movement of liquid thru perspiration also controls the body temperature. People sweat when they are hot while doing physical activities in order to cool down the body. Dehydration is known by signals sent through the concentrations of sodium in the extracellular and intracellular fluids. The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting blood carrying oxygen through the body. Homeostasis is especially important in this system because the blood cells maintain the human body functioning. The water and intracellular fluids are constantly performing osmosis as the cells travel through the body. An important buffer system in the human body involves carbon dioxide (CO2) and bicarbonate ion (HCO-) in the reversible reaction CO2 + H2O ïÆ'› H2CO3 ïÆ'› H+ + HCO3-. If a person becomes excited and exhales large amounts of CO2, how will the pH of the person’s body be affected? The rate of cellular respiration (and hence oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production) varies with level of activity. Vigorous exercise can increase by 20-25 times the demand of the tissues for oxygen. Getting excited has that similar effect and also increase the tissues desire for oxygen. This is met by increasing the rate and depth of breathing. It is a rising concentration of carbon dioxide not a declining concentration of oxygen that plays the major role in regulating the ventilation of the lungs. Certain cells in the medulla oblongata are very sensitive to a drop in pH. As the CO2 content of the blood rises above normal levels, the pH drops and the medulla oblongata responds by increasing the number and rate of nerve impulses that control the action of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm. This produces an increase in the rate of lung ventilation, which quickly brings the CO2 concentration of the alveolar air, and then of the blood, back to normal levels (www.scribd.com) Rainforest deforestation EssayBased on the varied cell population in connective tissue proper, describe the specific immune response expected at the site of injury or damaged tissues.The body’s response to any type of injury or infection is inflammation. Inflammation is a protective response involving host cells, blood vessels, and proteins and other mediators that is intended to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, as well as the necrotic cells and tissues resulting from the original insult, and to initiate the process of repair. Inflammation accomplishes its protective mission by first diluting, destroying, or otherwise neutralizing harmful agents. It then sets into motion the events that eventually heal and repair the sites of injury. When a microbe enters a tissue or the tissue is injured, the presence of the infection or damage is sensed by resident cells, mainly macrophages, but also dendritic cells, mast cells, and other cell types. These cells secrete molecule s (cytokines and other mediators) that induce and regulate the subsequent inflammatory response. Inflammatory mediators are also produced from plasma proteins that react with the microbes or to injured tissues. Some of these mediators promote the efflux of plasma and the recruitment of circulating leukocytes to the site where the offending agent is located. The recruited leukocytes are activated and they try to remove the offending agent by phagocytosis. An unfortunate side effect of the activation of leukocytes may be damage to normal host tissues (Kumar). (a) How does exposure to optimum amounts of UVA and UVB sunlight radiation promote proper bone maintenance and growth in children? (b) The general adult public associates excess sunlight exposure (a â€Å"tan†) with good health. Explain in detail why this thought process is deadly wrong! For proper functioning, a healthy human body uses around 3,000-5,000 IU of vitamin D per day. It is the UVB rays that stimulate the body to produce vitamin D. When exposed to direct sunlight, the body will produce vitamin D at a rate up to 1,000 IUs per minute. The body won’t make too much vitamin D from sunlight exposure because the body has a built-in mechanism to halt vitamin D production once it has enough. While getting sunburn from too much sunlight is possible, the human body can’t develop vitamin D toxicity. Vitamin D has enormous health-promoting benefits and effects. It plays a huge role in calcium metabolism, which is vital for the normal functioning of the nervous system, as well as for bone growth and maintenance of bone density. Vitamin D also plays a major role in immunity, cell proliferation, insulin secretion, and blood pressure. All cells in the body have vitamin D receptors, meaning that every cell and tissue in the body needs vitamin D for its optima l functioning and well-being. Vitamin D prevents osteoporosis, depression, and even effects diabetes and obesity (thrivechiropracticstudio.com). The main risk factor which damages skin and can lead to a melanoma is damage from the sun. It is the ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the sunshine and in sunbeds which does the damage. About 6 in 10 cases of melanoma are thought to be caused by UV damage. UV light damages the DNA (genetic material) in your skin cells which can then lead to skin cancers developing. People most at risk to UV skin damage are people with fair skin in particular, those with skin which always burns and never tans, red or blond hair, green or blue eyes. Melanoma is uncommon in dark-skinned people, as they have more protective melatonin in their skin (Dr. Tim Kenny). Work Cited â€Å"Human Anatomy† 3rd edition by Michael McKinley Valerie Dean O’Loughlin Copyright 2012, Published by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. â€Å"Skin Cancer – Melanoma† by Dr Tim Kenny http://www.patient.co.uk/health/skin-cancer-melanoma â€Å"Vitamin D Sunlight† http://thrivechiropracticstudio.com/2013/07/ â€Å"Respiratory System† (function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "https://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script"); s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })() â€Å"Hemostasis† http://www.oakparkusd.org/cms/lib5/CA01000794/Centricity/Domain/307/Hemostasis.pdfJones AE, Kline JA. Shock. In: Marx JA, ,Hockberger RS, Walls RM, et al, eds. Rosens Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2013:chap 6. â€Å"Robbins Basic Pathology†9th edition, by Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, and Jon C. Aster https://www.inkling.com/store/book/robbins-basic-pathology-kumar-abbas-aster-9th/?chapterId=4eca681364e34e9c9de63067aca4f513 Rivers EP. Approach to the patient in shock. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 106. â€Å"Body Systems and Homeostasis† by McGraw-Hill College Division http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/maderbiology/supp/homeo.html

Performance Feedback Skills

Understanding of Participant Observation The WritePass Journal

Understanding of Participant Observation Abstract Understanding of Participant Observation ) explains that a detailed description of an event or people’s experiences allow observers to analyse situations exhaustively. In terms of my study, I chose participant observation since I felt it would help me gather relevant data on what is happening in the London Underground. While this type of observation allows for more in-depth observation of events and people’s actions (Muchison, 2010), participant observation has also some limitations.   First, there is a need to immerse one’s self in the world inhabited by participant. This is accomplished by taking the tube as a mode of transportation to experience what others are experiencing when taking this transportation. Part of participant observation is to interview people regarding their experiences. This might be a challenge since participants might not be willing to be interviewed while in the tube. It should be noted that there are many commuters in the tube who do not know each other. This might be a chall enge when collecting data since participants might be wary of answering questions from a researcher (Hek et al., 2011). Polit et al. (2013) reiterate that participants might not act naturally since they are aware that the researcher is observing them. This presents some bias in the data since behaviour of the participants might not be reflective of their actual behaviour. Meanwhile, reflexivity in data would allow researchers to interpret data according to the perceptions of the participants. Researchers might also bring a degree of bias and subjectivity when they collect data and information from the participants (Murchison, 2010). The researcher’s own perceptions, feelings and knowledge might be used to interpret actions, conversations and expressions manifested by people riding in the tube. There is the risk that interpretation of data becomes highly subjective. However, this could be avoided if the researcher allows participants to confirm findings and inform the researcher whether interpretation of the interviews is accurate. Hek et al. (2011) emphasise that subjectivity could be prevented by objectively interpreting data. This is done through adopting a nonjudgmental attitude, being open and genuinely interested in what participants are saying (Oermann, 2010). This would lead to data that are more reliable since researchers allow participants to verify the findings. In my experience, I adopted a nonjudgmental attitude to help me empathise with what the partic ipants are saying to me. Placing myself in their situation helped me better understand what they are expressing to me during my collection of data. Parahoo (2006) states that it is important to define phenomena and experiences according to the participant’s perceptions. Reflection I felt that I am part of the community of commuters in the tube since I regularly use this as a mode of transportation. I felt that this is an advantage to me since in-depth analysis of the behaviour of the commuters involves immersing one’s self in the actual environment. Hence, my previous experiences commuting in the tube could help me understand what other people might be experiencing while commuting in the tube. I also realised that different people ride the tube and their diverse background could add to the complexity of analysing the cultural behaviour of commuters in the tube. However, I also realised that the ethnographic method would yield valuable information on the general behaviour of commuters in the tube. Finally, ethnographic method was appropriate for my research question since this helped me form an objective and detailed description of what is happening in the tube. Conclusion Participant observation is an effective tool in collecting anthropological data since this allows researchers to immerse in natural settings. This helps researchers collect more reliable data as participants are observed in actual settings. References: DeWalt, K. Dewalt, B. (2011) Participant observation: A guide for fieldworkers. Plymouth, United Kingdom: Rowman Altamira. Hek, G., Judd, M. Moule, P. (2011) Making Sense of Research, 4th ed., London: Sage Publications. Murchison, J. (2010) Ethnography Essentials: Designing, conducting, and presenting your research, London: John Wiley and Sons. Oermann, M.H. (2010) Writing for publication in nursing, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott. Parahoo, K. (2006) Nursing Research: Principles, Process and Issues, 2nd ed., London: Palgrave Macmillan. Polit, D., Beck, C.T. and Hungler, B.P. (2013) Essentials of Nursing Research. Methods, Appraisal and Utilization, 8th ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott.

Food Supply and Environmental Issues Research Paper

Food Supply and Environmental Issues - Research Paper Example According to past trends, there have been plans of increasing food production in order to counter the increasing consumption rates. Despite the existence of such plans, the consumption rates have often surpassed the production rates (World Centric, 2013). This explains why there are people succumbing to hunger in the developing world. Moreover, the globe lives under the threat of food insecurity because of the changes in climate and diminishing resources. It is a fact that the population will increase immensely in the next thirty years if population growth rates persist. The current seven billion people are likely to increase to about 9 billion in three decades (Diouf, 2010). The world faces challenges in feeding the current population, but must exhibit preparedness to feed an extra two billion people. Such increase will likely cause more strain in the agricultural and fishing sector in order to cater for the rising need. Moreover, with people adopting different lifestyles, the world will likely need more fish and animal livestock (Diouf, 2010). These animals and fish will require feed and this only increases the need. Food is not the only need because population will present a higher energy need for the globe. In order to ensure a level of security in the future, application of new techniques in agriculture to increase yield and combat climate change has been the way for most of the nations. The new techniques include the adoption of new farming methods, search for better seed varieties and improved animal breeds. For some time, conventional breeding seemed to offer a promise for the future but not anymore. There are new problems that challenge the new techniques adopted. Pesticides and insecticides that were once effective are no longer efficient with the increasing resistance from pests (Vidal, 2012). Moreover, stretching the agricultural sector presents its limits because of the potential environmental effects. Therefore, the discovery of better biotechnological methods has been the focus of many scientists in the recent past. Although genetically modified organisms (GMOs) present a glimpse of hope for the future, the politics and criticisms behind them only serve to prove that the worl d needs a better solution. Although the use of GMOs can assure the globe of food security to a certain level, they present new challenges as well, and scientists are still figuring out what they can do to ensure safety (Vidal, 2012). However, these still provide the world with fortified foods presenting a new capacity for agriculture to provide a balanced diet to its ever growing and needy population. Many have urged that green technology will present a better solution (Woody, 2012). The technology comes with handy benefits because it can provide good yields while conserving the environment as well. Although it comes with multiple benefits, it is expensive for the local farmer doing it at small scale. Moreover, the adverse climatic changes that have resulted because of over-exploitation of the

Religion's Influence on Ancient Greek Research Paper

Religion's Influence on Ancient Greek - Research Paper Example Marveling activities were the greatest significant factors of the Greek religion as much emphasis was laid on pleasing their gods so that they could enjoy their lives devoid of oppression and difficulties. Several rituals were conducted as well as rites, sacrifices, and ceremonies were held all in the name of impressing and pleasing the gods. Erection of temples and statues at selected places, were chosen as their holy grounds where they could provide sacrifices to their gods. This paper, examines the role played by the religion in swaying and influencing the ancient laws, arts, as well as the daily life practices by the ancient Greek people. It examines the significance of religion in this ancient Greek society. the Greek society, religion was a significant feature in the cultural practices with the sacrifices and frequent praying to the gods serving as a unifying function of people, with n aim to impressing the gods. They believed in life after death therefore, had faith that after a lifetime, a complete fresh and different life lay ahead of them. Even though the ancient Greek religious practices are practically extinct in their original model, it exists in their culture, religion of the current western practices, as well as their thoughts. In the ancient world, there was not a distinct difference between religion and philosophy entities. Plato 429 - 347 BC "Is that which is holy loved by the gods because it is holy, or is it holy because it is loved by the gods?" 2 "What I say is that 'just' or 'right' means nothing but what is in the interest of the stronger party." 3 The convictions of an average Greek could have been swayed both by the customary faiths and beliefs about their gods as well as the derived thoughts from the philosophers’ teachings. Currently, the teachings by the foremost philosophers such as Socrates and Plato, are often classified as religious presently, which provides the meaning of life, feature of the universe, life after death, and God or gods. Religion provided the structure and regularity for all the features of society and life. Whereas calendars were personal to every city, it was common practice to utilize imitative from the gods’ names to give a name to months. Greek’s religion center of attention was on the consecrated activities as well as customs rather than virtuous convictions and silent praying. The practice of insertion of an individual’s hand on the bible and swearing to it in such places as the courts was an inspiration born in the ancient Greek. In the ancient Greek, all those caught up in a court process, first had to make an appeal to the gods as potential benefactors or punishers, a responsibility then conditional on effectively recognizing the falsehood or truth by the individual who pledged to the oath. Anacharsis - 6th Century BC "Written laws are like a spider's webs; they will catch, it is true, the weak and poor, but would be torn in pieces by the rich and powe rful." Connecting with the gods was therefore done in numerous human legal concerns which could vary from basic domestic misunderstandings to interstate agreements. Most prominent portions of Greek literature, The Odyssey and The Iliad included stories about humans’ relations with gods. A number of carvings were created for the purpose of reverence to the gods. Such include the statue of Athena found in Parthenon. Other pieces of hunting pictures, battling views, the portraits of the gods and heroes as well, were commonly represented on the pieces of ceramics. Aristotle 384 - 322 BC; We make war that we may live in peace, Every art and every investigation, and

Advertising in Deisgn Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advertising in Deisgn - Essay Example At the very basic level of effective advertising stands the ability to engage the consumer and capture their interest. In this way, design is one of the fundamentals of how this interest can be engaged and how a â€Å"first impression† of the firm/entity/organization/business in question can be represented (Croft, 2014). As such, firms must realize that the design process is a stage that corners should not be cut and costs should not be saved. The underlying reason for this has to do with the fact that effective design of any advertising piece is ultimately the initial representation and branding for the business or organization in question (Muryjas & Muryjas, 2013). As such, presenting a below quality design will effectively destroy the level of engagement that such a piece of advertising could have otherwise hoped to have achieved within any specific market. Unfortunately, many of the art design studios that are responsible for creating the basic renderings for how advertisi ng will take place are oftentimes somewhat divorced from the process itself. What this creates is a situation in which the nuances of what is being created are oftentimes lost on the designers (Lin & Chin, 2013. For this very reason, more and more advertisers have begun to integrate art design specialists within the very first iterations of advertising/market planning. In such a way, the message of what his being represented can more effectively and clearly be displayed through the designs that are utilized to help sell a given good or service (Matisoff et al., 2014). The congruity of the design is also an element that is oftentimes overlooked (Kwong et al., 2011). Even if the design stage and result is something that is visually appealing, the level to which the design resonates with what is being sold or what is being advertised is the true measurement of success. Instances abound in corporate history in which large multinational firms engaged in extraordinarily expensive

Develop Workplace Sustainable Policy Management Essay

Develop Workplace Sustainable Policy Management Essay Developing sustainable policies in workplace means to create green environment in office and other thing remain the same that are profit and people. We should thing about the Green environment week in this we should trained our employees to how we can create sustainability in office through training and green environment seminars Communicate workplace sustainable policy The top management issue official notification to all the employees to attend the Green Environment Week and middle management should pay their part and focus to communicate the real meaning to Green Environment Week. Implement workplace sustainable policy After training and seminar management keep that in their employees mind and should tell them the importance of this policy and middle management should implement the policy. Review workplace sustainable policy Implementation After all steps the final stage of this is to evaluate the implementation of the policy and check the results and show this to all the employees that how much important and how much beneficial that is for the company. Activity 1 A). What are three main things businesses should do in order to sustainable future? Making safe and healthy products Treating the workers fairly protect the environment B). How can company reduce waste and pollution? Describe in three ways Develop Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) department Building Schools Using waste to reproduce the helpful material The CSR department planting business and the rest of the company doing business Carbon neutral carpet C). Traditionally when have most companies taken action to change their approach to the environment? When company loss their customer, environmental scandal, abuse labor and produce toxic products D). How does corporate social responsibility work positively towards sustainability? In this video two topics that were conduct into the Corporate Social Responsibility in the parts of living and operational conditions. The first part of study meant to explore and explain corporate policies and planned to instigate social responsibility in the working situation and employment. Two precise issues point out in the study. The second part of the study aimed to develop corporate participation in local society and economic renewal; and the encouragement of environmentally satisfactory practices. The video concludes that CSR is a process not a product. Activity 2 A). List of three most powerful pieces of legislation that present the Australian framework for business sustainability and environment protection Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Strategy Heritage and Environment is supporting business growth and profits through environmental projects that boost efficiency Functioning with business is a key function of the OEH strategy for gets better the sustainability of business in NSW. B). What is the prime purpose of each Act. The Primary purpose of each ACT is following. www.environment.gov.au The department is in charge for implements Australian Governments policy to take care our environment and our Heritage, and to encourage a sustainable way of life. Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 It provides us a legal structure to defend and handle national and international vital Fauna, Flora, Ecological communities and important Heritage places. http://www.climatechange.gov.au/ It will safeguard the environment, sustain our people and support our financial system. The Clean Energy Act 2011 It sets out the method that Australia will introduce a carbon price to reduce Australias carbon pollution and move to a clean energy future. National greenhouse and energy reporting act 2007 This Act provide for the reporting and distribution of information associated to greenhouse gas emissions, greenhouse gas projects, energy production and energy consumption, Clean Energy Regulator It is an autonomous body under Australian Government and set up by this ACT. The Clean Energy Regulator will administer new and existing regulatory schemes including the: Mechanism Carbon Pricing Carbon Farming Initiative program applications Australian National Registry of Emissions Units National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting scheme, and Renewable Energy Target. Comcare Australia Comcare works to reduce the human and financial costs of workplace injuries and disease in the Commonwealth jurisdiction. http://www.ret.gov.au/energy/efficiency/eeo/about/Pages/default.aspx This program encourages the large energy using businesses to improve their energy efficiency. It does this by requiring businesses to identify, evaluate and report publicly on cost effective energy savings opportunities. http://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/pages/default.aspx The primary responsibility of improving work health and safety and workers compensation arrangements across Australia Work health and safety Act 2011 This Act to address issues identified during the implementation of the new WHS laws. Fair work Australia Act 2009 It is the national workplace relations tribunal. It is an independent body with power to carry out a range of functions relating to: the safety net of minimum wages and employment conditions Enterprise bargaining Industrial action Dispute resolution Termination of employment Other workplace matters. Industrial benchmarking Australian centre for sustainable business and development Accelerate sustainable development by proving the business case for sustainability and Profitable business that is good for the world. Australian Sustainable Business Group It helping organizations deal with the substantial and rapidly changing environmental, and greenhouse laws and helping them to become more sustainable Banksia environmental foundation Achieving a Sustainable Australia Recognizing and rewarding environmental excellence Promoting best practice principles contributing to action-learning and education Boral Ltd It provides the construction material whose do not affect the environment Forum for the future It is a non-profit organization working globally with business and government to create a sustainable future. Global reporting initiative To make sustainability reporting standard practice by providing guidance and support to organizations Sustainable business education case studies The Local Government Association of NSW and the Shires Association of NSW represent 152 general purpose councils, 12 special purpose councils and the NSW Aboriginal Land  Council. Sustainable business Australia It is a business think tank and advocacy group promoting commercial solutions to environmental challenges, SBA member companies collectively influence policies to create clean, green business opportunities and help to shape the next great technological era. Implementation toolkits It provides business assistance and advice, strong technical knowledge and scientific capabilities. By integrating the services of the Departments partner agencies we have a stronger capacity to support NSW industry and businesses in creating jobs and leveraging investment. C). Describe what actions businesses must take to comply with each piece of legislation. Businesses must think about these: Take Social responsibility Green Environment Employees benefits Government Regulation Organizational Structure Labor Laws Environment protection steps Business Educational studies Recycling waste Fair work Activity 3 A). Explain what product Stewardship is Product Stewardship is a conception where the Environment, Health, and safety security centers on the product itself and everybody concerned in the lifetime of the product is called leading to take up liability to decrease its Health, Environmental, and protection impacts. For manufacturer, these include planning for paying for the recycle or the disposal of product to end of it valuable life. This may be achieve in parts by re-designing products to use less injurious substances and to be more long-lasting, reusable and ecological and to build products from recycled equipment. For retailer consumer it means captivating a dynamic role in ensure the correct disposal or recycle of an end of life goods. B). Explain who product stewardship related to waste management The Local harmful Waste Management Program endorse product stewardship philosophy as a management strategy because in the present waste management organization, all the liability for managing toxic goods fall to local government and rate-payers, even if they do not use the goods. The manufacturers who design and market the product are not the part of the recycling organization. Product stewardship program require producer to collect, finance, transport and correctly dispose of their goods at end of life. Product stewardship program is being implemented in many countries like Canada, Asian, Europe and many parts of the countries including Australia. Waste Reduction and Recycling Act 2011(QLD) (31 of 2011) (ACT) gives a chance to make significant improvement in waste resource management. The Act gives a mixture of mechanisms within a frame that seek to support waste reduction and resource recovery and thereby reducing the impact on environment of waste even as promote sustainability. C). What legislation and regulates product Stewardship. The Product Stewardship Act 2011 gives the frame to efficiently manage the environmental and health of people and safety impacts of goods, and in exacting that impact related with the disposal of goods. The frame includes voluntary and co-regulatory and compulsory product stewardship. The way of the legislation deliver on an answer promise by the Australian Govt. under the National Waste Policy, this was agreed by governments in NOV 2009 and authorized by the Council of Australian Governments in August 2010. Activity 4 A). What EMS will cover Environmental issues and opportunities to be addressed by EMS Environmental and business results with their benefits Establish aims, scientific measures and objectives, and related milestones. Get management promise to EMS, describe EMS resource needs, and categorize EMS leaders Existing plan, program, procedure, process, and tools important to the EMS Identify improvements to attain EMS objectives Assign job for developing enhanced or developing new procedure, process, and tools. Identify personnel affected by EMS, define responsibilities, and communicate responsibilities EMS related training needs responsibilities and schedule. Evaluate EMS project performance Top management Review progress, identifies adjustments, and confirms commitments. B). What legislation, codes and practice and industry standards it will comply with Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 Fuel Quality Standards Act 2000 Hazardous Waste (Regulation of Exports and Imports) Act 1989 Product Stewardship Act 2011 The National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA) Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC) The Australian Industry Standard Australian accounting standards Fields of Research (FOR) classification Research Fields, Courses and Disciplines (RFCD) classification Socio-Economic Objective (SEO) classification Labor law C). how will be responsible for its management Manager himself responsible for its management or Leader of the EMS and Department of CSR and top management how finalize it D). how it will follow product whole of life principles The green environment always helps to product whole of life principles it will also helps to this approach. E). what you will do to communicate the EMS to all stakeholders- internal and external Internal stakeholders always knows the importance of EMS and I can also communicate this to my honorable stakeholders, doing this we will improve the management by direct communicate the lower staff and remove hesitation, collect the real information it will help in other problems, labor also happy with us and they knows that company will do something for them. I will tell External stakeholder that people like us for this EMS and it will increase the market share and profit and build brand name or company name less toxic products make customer happy and increase our sales revenue and investor love to invest in our company it will increase our business. Activity 5 Research the green offices and describe five ways you can create a more environmentally friendly working environment. The hype of going to be green you have already started to replace family unit cleaners with organic ones and using a petrol car to a hybrid car but why we stop at office? Green office means to make your offices environment friendly and sustainable. Green Office is to aim to support employees across the world to make little change to their working practice to positively affect the environment. It raises knowledge of important green matters, as long as office employees with the realistic advices and tools and give help to create a extra sustainable method of working. Five ways that helps us to make friendlier working environment. Use Soy-based ink (Soybeans ink) Remove waste of Vending Machine (Coffee Machine) Cut Down Transportation (Carpools Matching Service) Less use of lights Less use of papers if office, use Networking to share documents

Diferencias Entre Investigación Cualitativa y Cuantitativa :: El método científico

El objetivo de cualquier ciencia es adquirir conocimientos y la eleccià ³n del mà ©todo adecuado que nos permita conocer la realidad es por tanto fundamental1. El problema surge al aceptar como ciertos los conocimientos errà ³neos o viceversa. Los mà ©todos inductivos y deductivos tienen objetivos diferentes y podrà ­an ser resumidos como desarrollo de la teorà ­a y anà ¡lisis de la teorà ­a respectivamente. Los mà ©todos inductivos està ¡n generalmente asociados con la investigacià ³n cualitativa mientras que el mà ©todo deductivo està ¡ asociado frecuentemente con la investigacià ³n cuantitativa. Los cientà ­ficos sociales en salud que utilizan abordajes cualitativos enfrentan en la actualidad problemas epistemolà ³gicos y metodolà ³gicos que tienen que ver con el poder y la à ©tica en la generacià ³n de datos asà ­ como con la validez externa de los mismos2. La investigacià ³n cuantitativa es aquella en la que se recogen y analizan datos cuantitativos sobre variables. La investigacià ³n cualitativa evita la cuantificacià ³n. Los investigadores cualitativos hacen registros narrativos de los fenà ³menos que son estudiados mediante tà ©cnicas como la observacià ³n participante y las entrevistas no estructuradas3. La diferencia fundamental entre ambas metodologà ­as es que la cuantitativa estudia la asociacià ³n o relacià ³n entre variables cuantificadas y la cualitativa lo hace en contextos estructurales y situacionales4. La investigacià ³n cualitativa trata de identificar la naturaleza profunda de las realidades, su sistema de relaciones, su estructura dinà ¡mica. La investigacià ³n cuantitativa trata de determinar la fuerza de asociacià ³n o correlacià ³n entre variables, la generalizacià ³n y objetivacià ³n de los resultados a travà ©s de una muestra para hacer inferencia a una poblacià ³n de la cual toda muestra p rocede. Tras el estudio de la asociacià ³n o correlacià ³n pretende, a su vez, hacer inferencia causal que explique por quà © las cosas suceden o no de una forma determinada. Las diferencias mà ¡s ostensibles entre ambas metodologà ­as se muestran en la tabla 1 5-6. Los fundamentos de la metodologà ­a cuantitativa podemos encontrarlos en el positivismo que surge en el primer tercio del siglo XIX como una reaccià ³n ante el empirismo que se dedicaba a recoger datos sin introducir los conocimientos mà ¡s allà ¡ del campo de la observacià ³n. Alguno de los cientà ­ficos de esta à ©poca dedicados a temas relacionados con las ciencias de la salud son Pasteur y Claude Bernard, siendo este à ºltimo el que propuso la experimentacià ³n en medicina1. A principios del siglo XX, surge el neopositivismo o positivismo là ³gico siendo una de las aportaciones mà ¡s importantes la induccià ³n probabilà ­stica.

Marketing Term Report on Shan

MARKETING TERM REPORT BY KHAN AKHTER RUMMAN SHAN FOODS ABOUT THE COMPANY: Shan Foods came into existence in 1981 when it began operations from a single room as it was Shan Masala back then, launched full range of spices to cater to local public,due to its popularity Shan started exporting after a few years due to increased international popularity. But after sometime, the need to reposition the brand was felt. It needed to be repositioned as a food brand rather than a spice brand.Re-imaging the organization became necessary for re-positioning of the brand; it was a job well done and led to continued success of Shan on national and international fronts. The name of Shan Foods has become synonymous with highest quality and exquisite taste. . There are six broad categories of varieties Shan deals in including recipe mixes, plain spices, dessert mixes. Shan Food’s vision is â€Å"to be a dominant global player in food products and socially responsible company that attains its qua lity standards so that Shan stands for tradition trust and good taste. MARKETING STRATEGY: DIFFERENTIATION OF PRODUCT: Shan is able to differentiate from its competitors through its added facilities of the  V-look  technology and the coal grinding technology is only an example to their dedication to  provide nothing but the best  to their consumers . It’s the world class quality that brings the blind trust of the consumers on Shan products that it will not only be hygienically prepared but would be secure from any harmful ingredients that loose spices offer. TARGETED MARKET: Females aging from 18 to 45 years compose the main target market of Shan Foods.This is because of the reason that in our part of the world, women are mostly related to the food and cooking. Hence, Shan Foods develops products that are according the needs and wants of these women no matter if they are stay-at-home or working, single or married ones. POSITIONING OF THE PRODUCT: Shan Foods position s tatement is â€Å"To the confident and convenience seeking woman of today, our wide range of Shan spice mixes offer premium quality products, made with the finest ingredients like no other. It is just for the fact that the consumers should be provided with solution of having a tasty meal in no time with homemade mixes of recipes and spices. MARKETING MIX PRODUCT: The products of Shan can be broadly categorized into 6 categories, with multiple sub-categories. Looking at the product portfolio of Shan Foods, it is seen that Shan Foods has given is consumers an offering for every occasion and every type of taste. Be it traditional cuisine mixes like Biryani or an offering in the Dessert category; Shan has an offering to complement all the good things in life associated with food.The different product offerings of Shan Foods are: * -Biryani Mixes- * Stir Fried Foods- * Curry Spice Mixes * -Deep Fried Foods- * Barbeque-Vegetarian Foods- * Instant Foods * Khushbudaar Lehsan * Zaiqedaar Ad rak * Khatta Khatai * Qasuri Methi * Karara Zeera * Taiz Laal Mirch * Taaza Dhaniya * Zaafrani Garam Masala. * Teekhi Kaali Mirch * Khaalis Haldee PRICE: The pricing of all Shan offerings varies and depends on each Stock Keeping Unit (SKU). However, the price ranges for five (out of six) categories of Shan product offerings are as follows: * Recipe Mix: The Recipe mixes range from Rs. 0 to 40 * Plain Spices: Pricing of Plain spices varies SKU wise. For example, 50 grams red chili powder is available at a price of Rs. 20 and150 grams at Rs. 115 * Dessert Mixes: Desserts are all priced at Rs. 35 * Pickles Pickle pricing is Rs. 170 for 1000 grams, pricing varies as per SKU PLACE: Shan is easily available at all general stores as well as departmental stores. Shan Foods is focusing on the indirect marketing channels where they sell Shan products through retailers. Shan Foods is also available in 60 foreign countries.The brand is exported to UK, USA, and Middle East and now to Far East re gions as well. Sales Force in Shan Foods is divided into three types: General Trade (general stores, Kiryana stores, Medical and Genaral stores), Local modern trade (super stores such as Aghaz, Naheed, Chase), and International Modern trade (Large houses such as Makro and Metro). PROMOTION: It has started to reach out to a wider audience keeping in mind the changing lifestyle to nuclear families and convenience seekers. The advertisements of Shan’s offerings focus entirely in the females of the family.The marketing strategy is very customer oriented i. e. Shan emphasizes on marketing its products keeping in mind its customers thus having a customer centric view. Shan has recently realized that a potential part of the population i. e. the teenagers are the ones that will become tomorrow’s decision makers. More recently, the major marketing or promotional expenditure done by Shan Foods is on making deals with television channels for their commercial air time. MARKETING E NVIRONMENT: There is a lot of difficulty of this marketing environment are low prices and unbranded competitor’s.Due to high competition and low prices of competitors it gets difficult to attract customers to buy their product. It is very difficult to earn brand loyalty. Apart from this, some of the major driving forces in the Pakistani spice industry are changes in societal concerns, lifestyles and attitudes, product innovation and changes in who buy the product and how they use it. There are many factors behind increased demand of spices in Pakistan; a major factor is the changing lifestyles of people who now prefer ready to use ingredients over traditional home made spices.Also, spices have always been in demand due  to the sub-continental style of cooking. As there are a number of competitors in the market, the consumers and buyers have substantial power to influence the marketing of Shan products. Major resellers and wholesalers like Metro and Makro are generally used for grocery shopping or bulk buying which is why Unilever also uses them as a forum to create awareness of their products. For example separate customized and decorated racks for display of all Shan recipes. COMPETITORS:Except for small unbranded products Shan has a large share of competition from National foods, Mehran foods, Ahmed Foods, Habib Foods, Zaiqa Foods and Kitchen Secrets. Only 40% use the branded product and 60% percent of consumers use the unbranded product, hence local spice manufacturers and grinders pose as major competitors. Shan Foods and National Foods are almost occupying the similar share in Volumes as well as in % but the growth of Shan Foods is Showing the steady increase while the National foods is Showing fluctuations in its market growth.Strategic distribution of both Shaan and National products pose as a major competitive advantage because although Chef’s Pride holds the third position is market share, it should be noted that it is not available in many retail outlets across Pakistan and especially Karachi. ANALYSIS OF COMPETITORS: Due to the unbranded products having 60 % of the market Shan only has to compete for the 40% of the share of the market. The major competitors of the 40% market are National foods, Mehran foods, Ahmed foods, Habib foods, Zaiqa foods and Kitchen secrets.When it comes to food products, taste development and loyalty are major concerns which are well considered by Shan Foods in contrast to its competitors as they target taste values and customer satisfaction more than they target family values like marketing campaigns of National Foods. Due to having competitors making almost the same products as Shan there is rigid competition in the market on price and quality both of which they cannot give up on or else the other product takes the market. CHARACTERS AFFECTING CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR:The major attractive characteristics of Shan include its persistent good taste, maintained high quality, health friendly an d attractive packaging and availability. Moreover, it keeps the loyal customers satisfied with delicious taste. Moreover, the wide range of products and SKU’s available consolidate Shan’s presence in various niches and keep its customers loyal to the brand. In this regard, Shan’s ‘Oriental recipes’ proved very beneficial in the retention of customers. With their introduction, many housewives are now able to make restaurant standard food at home.And this attracted the modern youth to eat at home as they prefer continental food. Another attractive characteristic is that Shan foods is a leading exporter of food items from Pakistan providing it an opportunity to tap the large global market which helps it to expand at a rapid pace. At the same time, the consumers have been greatly inclined by the brand communication of Shan. Shan’s strategy of showing mouthwatering dishes on their bill boards and in advertisements has been an immense success. This â€Å"Big Idea† has been running for more than 3 years and still has not lost its relevance.Hence, the nature and intensity of these campaigns have been bolstered by Shan’s external marketing through bill boards, television advertisements, high repetition and short duration messages on TV, cooking programs for housewives and sponsored events. BUYING DECISION BEHAVIOUR: As people live in metro cities they tend to go for branded products compared to unbranded ones. In our product’s case, customers are most likely to have complex buying behavior. This is mainly because there is a high perceived difference among the brands of recipes. In Pakistan, people love their food.And want it according to their traditional taste. This encourages a complex procedure of choosing between brands. However, the customers who are conformed to the taste of Shan will not go for the other competitors irrespective of their marketing strategy. Moreover, the purchase of Shan Masala involv es a great amount of consumer involvement. This is because the purchase of Shan’s products changes according to seasons. If on one occasion Fruitchart masala is in demand because of Holy Ramadan, BBQ mixes could be indemand on Eids or in summers when families invite friends over on BBQ parties.The Haleem & BBQ mix are in greater demand during the winter season whileChana Chat mix is purchased more often in summer. This requires constant attention of customers in their purchases. Hence the high consumer involvement and significant perceived differences among brands involves a complex buying behavior. BUYING DECISION PROCESS: Since Shan is a well known product with its own target market, customer’s decision making process will not be very lengthy. However, several customers might undergo through the following steps: Need recognition: At this stage, the buyer recognizes the problem or need.In Pakistan, the busy schedule of people and easy-living trend has made Shan Recipe s an inevitable part of every household’s grocery. Similarly in foreign countries, the feeling of home and desirability of traditional food encourages the move towards Shan Recipes. Information search: at this stage measures like internet blogs, TV advertisements and communication with peers, etc are taken by different customers to reach to a buying decision. In Shan’s case, very few customers will undertake this step due to its strong brand position in Pakistan.This is because of Shan’s strong heritage in Pakistani households, it is passed on from mothers to daughters, like values and beliefs. Similarly in foreign countries the sources of information are the newly shifted relatives, online search engine and the availability in shopping marts. Evaluation of alternative: Different consumers have different evaluation process. This depends upon several factors including their affiliation and past experience with the product. In Shan’s case, most of the Pakis tani customers are old regular users and are unlikely to go through this stage.However, in foreign countries, new customers may go for the alternative brands to get the best. This stage depends upon the availability of other competitors. Purchase decision: Generally this decision might be influenced by attitude of others or unexpected situational factors. However, in our products case, external determinants are mainly economic factors and demeaning product quality. Post purchase behavior: Shan has established certain expectations with its brand which it aims to fulfill. Almost all of the consumers take certain actions after their consumption based on their satisfaction or dissatisfaction.Moreover they undergo cognitive dissonance, which means that the satisfaction or dissatisfaction involves certain compromises. In Shan’s case, the compromises made by new customers are the advantages of close competitive detergent. BIBILOGRAPHY http://shanfoodspk. com/ http://www. scribd. com /doc/37193856/Strategic-Management-Comparision-of-Shan-Foods-and-National-Foods http://www. nation. com. pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/business/04-Jul-2010/Shan-Foods-promotes-healthy-environment http://www. importgenius. com/shipments/shan-foods-private-limited. html http://pakbiz. com/profile/Shan-Foods/

Hawaii Log essays

Hawaii Log essays A hole. Just big enough for an adult male to swim through and make it to the other side gasping for air. And it beckoned for my attempt. I would have to hold my breath for, at tops, a minute and a half, and once I was half way in, there was no turning back. About ten feet under water and twelve feet long, this wonder of a tunnel had an eerie darkness to it and yet I had to do it. I had to swim through it. I took my breath and headed down. As I pulled myself through the entrance, I kicked my feet as hard as I could, immediately thinking of the consequences to this mini self-contest I had started against myself. Once around the rigid corner I could see a glimpse of light near the end of the tunnel. It was beautiful, like something you would have seen in a movie or a dream. I finally made it and pushed myself up off the coral exit only to take in something I had lacked for the past minute and fifteen seconds. It was the most exhilarating thing I had ever done. Vacationing Hawaii was an exhilarating experience because it showed me all the beauty I had been missing in my life. My first day at the big island, otherwise known as Hawaii, was catching up day. My family and I had flown nearly twelve hours total to get there, so naturally, we wanted to sleep. It felt great and while resting I began to think of all the cool things we were going to be doing for the next two weeks. My family had always been talking about taking a trip to Hawaii, but I never believed we would. After our day of pure sleep, we set out to take on our first trip into the main city (the size of a town) called Kona. This city had one main road that ran parallel with the ocean; but it had the best of shops and the finest of resorts. Upon entering, my family and I noticed the Kona City Beach Park. This was the main tourist beach in the area, but there was still a very small crowd of people. So we decided to spend the day there. I couldnt believe how clear...

Battle of the Dictionaries

Battle of the Dictionaries Battle of the Dictionaries Battle of the Dictionaries By Maeve Maddox In commenting on the article Forte or Fortà «, Cache or Cachet?, Geoff Foster points out that the Oxford American Dictionary on his Mac supports the /fortay/ pronunciation of forte (in the sense of strong point). He also implies that the same dictionary gives a pronunciation for another French borrowing, cadre, that ignores the /r/ sound. NOTE: Im a bit puzzled about this one. The dictionary on my new Mac laptop gives the pronunciation /kad ree/ for cadre. Pierre B. asks why Americans want to put a /t/ in the French borrowing niche. Alas, when it comes to pronunciation, English speakers face constant decisions. For those who wish to support their decisions with the authority of a dictionary, the first decision to be made is that of which dictionary to cite! As Geoff points out, the Oxford American on the Mac gives the /fortay/ pronunciation as the first choice for forte with the sense of strong point. Its first pronunciation for cadre in his dictionary drops the /r/ sound. The Webster Unabridged, on the other hand, gives /fort/ as the first choice for this use of forte, and offers a pronunciation with the /r/ sound in its first choice for cadre. An alternate pronunciation for cadre, without the /r/ sound, is flagged as chiefly British. Both dictionaries show a short i pronunciation and a /ch/ sound for the che in niche. The /ch/ phonogram (ch as in church) sounds as if it has a /t/ in it. Webster gives a second pronunciation of /nish/ which avoids the /t/ sound, but still gives the word a short i sound for the vowel. As Geoff advises in his comment, take your pick. My pick for forte is /fort/. My pick for niche is /neesh/. As for cadre, I might use the word in writing, but I cant imagine having occasion to use it in conversation. In such an event Id probably include an /r/ sound. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Direct and Indirect Objects50 Idioms About Meat and Dairy Products20 Movies Based on Shakespeare Plays

Clean fuel is better for te envirement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Clean fuel is better for te envirement - Essay Example Moreover, these gases have the potential to create â€Å"ground-level ozone†, which is a layer that results when sunlight reacts with the pollutants mentioned above. Such atmospheric developments can have catastrophic consequences – including but not restricted to respiratory illnesses. In this context it is all the more imperative that a transition is made from conventional varieties of fuel to more environmentally friendly ones (Chang 24). Cleaner fuels on the other hand emit lesser quantities of hydrocarbons, which is a key factor in the formation of â€Å"ground-level ozone†. These new alternatives can reduce the emitted pollutants by nearly ninety percent, which makes a significant contribution towards restoring a healthy balance of atmospheric gases (Elliot 25). A disturbing trend over the last few decades has been the slow but significant accumulation of green-house gases, which are pivotal to the phenomena of global warming. The newer cleaner fuels such as electricity, natural gas and alcohol are not only advantageous to the environment but to the consumer as well. For example, these alternatives give the consumer more options to choose from. By reducing the dependence on petroleum they also bring forth economic advantages to the consumer (Chang 25). Let us now look at the advantages each new cleaner fuel provides. Ethanol, for example, emits very low levels of hydrocarbons and other toxic gases. More importantly, it can be produced in a small scale and by recycling wood and paper. Methanol, on the other hand can be extracted form natural gas, coal and wood. Propane is another cleaner fuel now gaining prominence. It is not only easy to manufacture but also very cheap compared to gasoline. But of the all gases, natural gas is the most eco-friendly and suitable for long-distance transportation. The most appealing non-gas fuel is electricity as it has â€Å"recharge†

Stephen Kings Novels Recreated into Films Movie Review

Stephen Kings Novels Recreated into Films - Movie Review Example The story of Dr Louis Creed (Midkiff) and his efforts to revive his three-year-old son (Hughes), killed by one of the giant trucks that thunder past their new Maine home, is more like a sketchy outline than a finished work. No film about a scalpel-wielding three-year-old psycho zombie could be entirely devoid of shocks. But reams of tedious exposition, about a children's pet 'sematary' and the magical resurrecting properties of an Indian burial ground, stretch patience and credulity to their limits, while Lambert fails to exploit the potential of the novel's best set pieces. The stories told in flashback by Creed's wife (Crosby) and their elderly neighbour (Gwynne) also seem hopelessly contrived, arresting the book's page-turning plot without adding emotional or psychological depth. If Pet Sematary was just a movie, then it might seem somehow acceptable: its plot, sort of a modern day zombie flick, is fairly creepy, and its premise is sufficiently horrific. Pet Sematary is not, however, a stand-alone film. It is, after all, a translation of a novel, and a great novel, at that. Though plotwise, the film stays fairly true to Stephen King's novel, it remains flat and unconvincing throughout. Unfortunately, this is a fate that has befallen most of King's work. Stephen King's novels don't, as a rule, translate well onto the silver screen. In much the same way that Church, having come back from the dead, seems to be missing something vital, so do King's books when they transition to movies. Perhaps this is because so much of the action in Stephen King's novels, so much of what is horrifying in them, happens to the characters internally. It is their thoughts, their fears, their histories and hopes, that make King's novels so successful. Films often have difficulty con veying this, and this is especially true of the horror genre. Pet Sematary is no exception to this rule. The novel that Pet Sematary is based on is probably one of the best, most terrifying horror novels ever written, and that only makes the movie even more disappointing. In his novel, Stephen King reveals the horror layer by layer, peeling away the sense of normality and safety little by little, until all that is left is sheer terror. Dreamcatcher Starring: Morgan Freeman, Thomas Jane, Director: Lawrence Kasdan, Release Date: March 2003, Genres: Horror, Suspense. The movie opens with four troubled guys in their late twenties, Dr. Henry Devlin (Thomas Jane), Joe 'Beaver' Clarendon (Jason Lee), Gary 'Jonesy' Jones (Damian Lewis) and Pete Moore (Timothy Olyphant), dealing with their gift. These lifelong buddies were given the ability to read minds and more by a mentally challenged guy named Douglas 'Duddits' Cavell (Donnie Wahlberg) when they were young. Now they use their magic to do such mundane things as finding the lost car keys of a real estate agent that one of them wants to date. But their talents will soon be put to the test. Meanwhile back in the snow-covered woods where the guys are going for their annual outing, trouble is brewing. The mad Colonel Abraham Kurtz (Morgan Freeman), ably assisted by

GASTRO ESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

GASTRO ESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE - Essay Example GERD is a risk factor for Barrett’s esophageal (BE), which also predisposes patients to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Patients diagnosed with GERD require proton pump inhibitors therapy as a mechanism to prevent the occurrence of BE and EAC. This paper is a research of the current studies on GERD and a review of a case study for a child suffering from GERD. Case Study The case study is of an 8 year old boy who experienced headaches and neck pain. The child had started complaining of the pain four years before the mother consulted a chiropractic doctor. The child had developed pain after riding in a â€Å"dodge ‘em† car. An emergency stop worsened the pain, which forced the mother to seek medical assistance. The severity of the neck pain had reduced before consultation, but the intensity of headaches had remained constant. Other symptoms included bouts of dizziness and nausea caused by neck rotation, heavy nausea in the morning, and severe neck pain and vomiting after meals. The child also experienced abdominal pain over the stomach, recurring bronchitis and migraine as a result of the family history. The doctor performed a physical examination that showed normal growth and development. Neurological, abdominal, cardiovascular, and respiratory examinations did not exhibit abnormal findings. Restrictions on segmental motion on upper cervical spine and sacral dysfunction were observed after a chiropractic spinal evaluation. The doctor also observed Shimizu reflex on the upper right hand side indicating an upper cervical problem (Jonasson, and Knaap, 2006). Using the above information, the doctor made a diagnosis of cervicogenic headache and abdominal pain. The doctor believed the pain had a somatovisceral origin. The diagnosed problem was believed to be as a result of upper cervical complex subluxation and milk allergy. The doctor proposed treatment involving a combination of chiropractic manipulation of upper cervical complex and cranial tre atment. This led to a temporary reduction in headaches and unchanged abdominal pain. The mother sought another opinion from a children doctor after seven treatments. The second consultation revealed regular colic, constant reflux, and periodic regurgitation of undigested food. These symptoms aggravated when the child assumed a recumbent posture. Abdominal pain on the stomach and lower chest made the doctor alter the initial diagnosis to GERD. The patient was referred to his general practitioner for GERD treatment and follow-up contacts revealed that the condition had improved immensely (Jonasson, and Knaap, 2006). Current Research History of the disease The prevalence of the disease has increased worldwide due to rising obesity and medicines that affect LES functions. Studies have indicated that approximately one third of the US population complain of GERD symptoms monthly (Narmeen and Woodward, 2013). Women have a higher rate of experiencing GERD symptoms than men. Western countrie s have a high prevalence ranging from 38 percent in Northern Europe to 9 percent in Italy. Annually, over 100 million proton pump inhibitors are prescribed to GERD patients in the western world. The high prevalence in western countries can be attributed to lifestyle, which is a major predisposing factor. The condition is a predisposing factor for esophageal cancer, which affects about 400, 000 people worldwide (Vats et al, 2006). Patients experience loss of appetite and damages to the lungs, throat, and ears due to excess

Marketing Objectives Essay Example for Free

Marketing Objectives Essay Executive Summary Ceylon Tea came into being nearly a century and half back when the then existing coffee plantations, struck by a deadly disease – which virtually proved the death knell of coffee in Ceylon as it was then called, were converted to tea plantations. Nearly all the coffee plantations were very soon converted to tea plantations. As Ceylon Tea made its mark in the world and was being widely traded in the markets, measures were instituted to facilitate and monitor the process of manufacture and sale of tea to be shipped to foreign countries. On 30th July 1883 the first public sale of tea took place. The Ceylon Chamber of Commerce brought under its purview the conduct of these auctions. In 1894 the Ceylon Tea Traders Association was established. Today almost all tea produced in Sri Lanka is sold in auctions conducted by these two organizations. Introduction This assignment is mainly about a FMCG product which the organisation depends only on Tea. I have sectioned this assignment in to different sections, to make the reader easy and understandable. I have also given a brief idea about marketing orientation, key steps to follow to be marketing oriented and also difficulties of implementing marketing orientation. Then I have spoke about the marketing environment with micro and macro environment and also how these environments impact to the organisation. At last I worked with marketing mix and how the marketing mix elements are blended together in an organisation. I hope this assignment will be something different and interesting task for you. Thank you. Methodology Mainly concentrated on preliminary data questionnaire and the study also contains secondary data from www.zaidtea.com Got reference from articles and books are revealed by tables and diagrams. Also discussed and got ideas from people who are in the high position in the tea industry. Body of Assignment Task 1 1. Zaid Tea Company 1.1 About Zaid Tea The Company incorporated in 2008 was formed in the year 1998 by a person with multifaceted experience gained in the tea industry and inherited from his forefathers of two previous generations. Naushad Jamaluddin the Managing Director/CEO of ZAID TEA CO. (PVT) LTD and a scion of an icon in the tea industry was nurtured in it from an early age during the tenure of his school days whilst assisting his father and grandfather in their tea business and plantations. He was trained in the delicate art of tea tasting by some of the best experts in the industry. He has blossomed to be an expert, having an exquisite flair in tasting and blending teas to meet the most exacting requirements of his buyers. Zaid Tea with its well experienced, diligently trained resource personal and cutting edge knowhow is eminently suited to seamlessly source and deliver the most exacting tea blends to its diverse worldwide clientele. Selecting for them the choicest of teas produced in factories located in the tea plantations of the central highlands of Sri Lanka and sold at the Colombo Tea Auctions, each having their distinct and subtly varying aroma, flavor and liquor Zaid Tea Co (Pvt.) Ltd is incorporated as a limited liability company under the Companies Act of Sri Lanka. It is registered as an exporter of Ceylon Tea with the Sri Lanka Tea Board – the regulatory body of the Government of Sri Lanka entrusted with the task of ensuring the maintenance of the quality and image of Ceylon Tea exported from the country The Co. is also registered with the Sri Lanka Export Development Board as an exporter of Ceylon Tea. This is another regulatory body of the Government of Sri Lanka promoting exports in general from the country 1.2 Products and Main Brands Zaid Tea Company has their own brand – the â€Å"Maskeliya Kahata† range of black teas comes in aluminum pouches and tea bags with their distinct aroma, flavor and liquor. The teas come from plants grown in the cool crispy air of the mountain ranges of the Hatton – Maskeliya tea plantations famed for its teas with its distinctly fine aroma and flavor Further they have their own brand of blended teas and green teas Black Tea a) Maskeliya Kahata in aluminum pouches b) Maskeliya Kahata in tea bags a) Kingswood Tea in loose packaging b) Kingswood Tea in tea bags flavored and unflavored Green Tea a) Kingswood Green Tea in loose packaging * Kingswood Green Tea in tea bags flavored and unflavored 1.3 Services a) BLACK TEA Bulk Teas – They source and deliver unblended or specified blends worldwide packed in paper sacks, plywood chests and corrugated cartons with inner lining of either aluminium foil or suitable polythene to retain the freshness and aroma Branded Teas – They also source as per customer specifications and blend, package in printed cartons or other packaging as per their own brands and deliver worldwide Flavored Teas – Here too we can supply either in bulk or as per customers branded or un branded packaging – cinnamon, vanilla, ginger etc b) GREEN TEA Zaid Tea are in a position to supply you Green Tea plucked and processed from the finest tea gardens located in of the high mountainous terrain found in the central highlands of Sri Lanka where the air is fresh, pure, cool and crispy. It is manufactured to the highest international standards. Like black tea we can supply in bulk or customized brand, packaging and flavoring – unflavored, jasmine, mint etc Task 02 1. What Is Marketing Orientation A business which begins work on, or philosophy that focuses on identifying and meeting customer’s needs and wants satisfyingly. -Himaz Ahamed 2. Key steps that Zaid Tea should implement in order to be marketing oriented 2.1 Customer Focused An organizational orientation toward satisfying the needs of potential and actual customers. Customer focus is considered to be one of the keys to business success. Achieving customer focus involves ensuring that the whole organization, and not just frontline service staff, puts its customers first. All activities, from the planning of a new product to its production, marketing, and after-sales care, should be built around the customer. Every department and every employee should share the same customer-focused vision. This can be aided by practicing good customer relationship management and maintaining a customer relations program. In order to achieve this, the organization must: a) Define its market, effectively segment and target the right customer and listen to customers. b) An extensive programme of employee education and communication may be necessary to introduce customer focus in order to create the environment that encourages to think customers. c) Implement an effective marketing information system that will track customer needs on a continuous basis. 2.2 Competitor Focused In terms of competitors, in marketing and strategic management is an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of current and potential competitors. This analysis provides both an offensive and defensive strategic context to identify opportunities and threats. Profiling coalesces all of the relevant sources of competitor analysis into one framework in the support of efficient and effective strategy formulation, implementation, monitoring and adjustment. Competitor focused concept is more preferable in markets which are growing very fast. Tea also one of the fastest growing market in Sri Lanka. So Zaid Tea also can invest in gathering more data about competitors which will enable them to develop innovations at lower costs. 2.3 Strategic Vision Develop a long-term, market-oriented strategic vision by viewing marketing as more than a series of promotional tools and techniques. Strong leadership from the top with high level executives building a customer philosophy into their business plans and define the future in terms of creating long-term value for stakeholders. Figure-01 Market vs Operations oriented structure 3. Difficulties in Implementing Marketing Orientation Concept to Zaid Tea Even though Zaid Tea might feels that the marketing orientation is the only correct path to be successful, in practice there are likely to be barriers in developing such an orientation. They are as follows: 3.1 Lack of Effective Customer Service The job of the customer-service staff involves more than just answering questions and providing solutions to problems that arise. For market orientation to prove successful, it must also include customer-service representatives who take the time to get to know each customers needs and preferences. Zaid Tea Company also can gather records of the feedback it receives and analyze them for use in developing market-orientation plans. Without such customer-service efforts, company loses key opportunities to obtain information. 3.2 Lack of Marketing Knowledge Lack of marketing knowledge, skill and experience are among the challenges of developing market-orientation plans. Many company employees understand basic marketing concepts, but lack the in-depth knowledge needed to develop marketing-orientation strategies that work. Some companies deal with this by seeking additional education for key employees or by hiring experienced, skilled marketers. Skilled marketers can help develop solid plans and give direction to key employees and departments. For example, an experienced marketer might help customer service, sales and technical-support departments learn how to incorporate a companys overall market orientation plan. 3.3 Conflict between marketing and other functions The power struggle between different departments within an organization can hinder the process. Task 03 1. Marketing Environment Framework A company’s marketing environment consists of the actors and forces outside marketing that affect marketing management’s ability to build and maintain successful relationships with target customers. (Philip Kotler – 12th Edition) Figure-02 the marketing environment 2. Micro Environment 2.1 Definition Factors or elements in an organizations immediate area of operations that affect its performance and decision-making freedom. These factors include competitors, customers, distribution channels, suppliers, and the general public. Micro Environment| Description| Factors that impact to Zaid Tea| Suppliers| A party that supplies goods or services. A supplier may be distinguished from a contractor or subcontractor, who commonly adds specialized input to deliverables. | A suppliers behavior will directly impact the business it supplies. If a supplier provides a poor service Zaid Tea this could increase timescales or product quality. An increase in raw material prices will affect an organization’s Marketing Mix strategy and may even force price increases. Close supplier relationships are an effective way to remain competitive and secure quality products. | Intermediaries| Firm or person (such as a broker or consultant) who acts as a mediator on a link between parties to a business deal, investment decision, negotiation, etc. Intermediaries usually specialize in specific areas, and serve as a conduit for market and other types of information. Also called a middleman. | Zaid Tea must partner effectively with marketing intermediaries to optimize the performance of the total system.| Competition| The marketing concept states that to be successful, an organization must provide greater customer value and satisfaction than its competitors.| Competi tor analysis and monitoring is crucial if an organisation is to maintain or improve its position within the market. If a business is unaware of its competitors activities they will find it very difficult to â€Å"beat† their competitors. The market can move very quickly. As a business it is important to examine competitors responses to these changes so that you can maximise the impact of your response.| Customers| A person, company, or other entity which buys goods and services produced by another person, company, or other entity.| Zaid Tea Companys marketing plan should aim to attract and retain customers through products that meets their wants and needs and excellent customer service.| Publics| A public is any group that has an actual or potential impact on an organization’s ability to achieve its objectives. | According to Zaid Tea there are number of publics that will impact. They are:Financial Public, Local Public, Media Public, Government Public, General PublicZa id Tea should keep a good relationship with these publics in order to run successful business. | 3. Macro Environment 3.1 Definition The major external and uncontrollable factors that influence an organizations decision making, and affect its performance and strategies. These factors include the economic factors; demographics; legal, political, and social conditions; technological changes; and natural forces. Macro environment is also known as uncontrollable environment. Figure-03 Macro environment forces The main forces in the macro environment are commonly denoted by the mnemonic PESTEEL forces. a) Political Environment b) Economical Environment c) Social and cultural Environment d) Technological Environment e) Ecological Environment f) Ethical Environment g) Legal Environment 3.2 Political Environment The first element of a PESTEEl analysis is a study of political factors. Political factors influence Zaid Tea Company in many ways. Political factors can create advantages and opportunities for Zaid Tea. Conversely they can place obligations and duties on company. Political factors include the following types of instrument: Legislation such as the minimum wage or anti discrimination laws. Voluntary codes and practices Market regulations Trade agreements, tariffs or restrictions Tax levies and tax breaks Type of government regime Non conformance with legislative obligations can lead to sanctions such as fines, adverse publicity and imprisonment. Ineffective voluntary codes and practices will often lead to governments introducing legislation to regulate the activities covered by the codes and practices. 3.3 Economical Environment The second element of a PESTEEl analysis involves a study of economic factors. Zaid Tea Company also affected by national and global economic factors. National and global interest rate and fiscal policy will be set around economic conditions. The climate of the economy dictates how consumers, suppliers and other organisational stakeholders such as suppliers and creditors behave within society. An economy undergoing recession will have high unemployment, low spending power and low stakeholder confidence. Conversely a â€Å"booming† or growing economy will have low unemployment, high spending power and high stakeholder confidence. A successful organisation will respond to economic conditions and stakeholder behaviour. Furthermore Zaid Tea will need to review the impact economic conditions are having on their competitors and respond accordingly. Task 04 1. Traditional Marketing Mix 1.1 What Is Marketing Mix Marketing mix is the set of controllable tactical marketing tool that firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market. The marketing mix consists of everything the firm can do to influence the demand for its product. Thus in performing their key tasks marketing managers have at their disposal marketing programs to create customer satisfaction and ultimately profit for the organisation. These tools are often referred as the â€Å"4P s† on how to use these ingredients require marketing research and information. Marketing mix variables are as follow: Figure-04 Traditional Marketing Mix 2. How The Marketing Mix Elements Are Blended Together In Zaid Tea Company Sri Lanka is one of the oldest tea producing countries in the world commercial Production was started in 1867 by the British planter James Taylor in Loolecondera Estate in Kandy. The tea produced in this country, popularly known as â€Å"Ceylon Tea†, ranks among the best available teas in international trade. In 2007, Sri Lanka was the third-largest tea-producing country globally, with a 9% share of global production, producing 30.6 million kilograms of tea. The total extent of land under tea cultivation has been estimated at approximately 187,309 hectares. Sri Lanka produces tea throughout the year, and the growing areas are mainly concentrated in the central highlands and southern inland areas of the island. They are broadly grouped under these headings according to their elevations, with high growns ranging from 1200 m upwards, medium growns covering between 600 m to 1200 m. and low growns from sea level up to 600 m. High grown teas from Sri Lanka are renowned for their taste and aroma. The two types of seasonal tea produced in these areas, Dimbula and Nuwara Eliya, are much sought-after by blenders in teaimporting countries. Uva teas from the Eastern Highlands contain unique seasonal characteristics and are widely used in many quality blends, particularly in Germany and Japan. The medium grown teas provide a thick colour variety which is popular in Australia, Europe, Japan and North America. The teas produced in low grown areas are mainly popular in Western Asia, Middle Eastern countries and CIS countries. Most factories in these areas produce what is known as a leafy grade of tea, the tea leaves of which are highly twisted and can grade into long particles. 2.1 Product Tea is produced from the Camellia Sinensis plant. The tea plant, which is evergreen, isn’t a shrub as popularly believed but a tree that is grown like a shrub to facilitate the process of tea plucking and production. It is native to Southeast Asia and is grown in a wide range of climatic conditions across the world. Tea is mainly produced in India (the world’s largest producer), Sri Lanka (till recently the world’s largest exporter), China, Kenya, Vietnam, Indonesia and Malaysia. The differing climatic conditions in the world’s various tea growing areas influence the quality and taste of the various teas. Zaid Tea Company has their own brand – the â€Å"Maskeliya Kahata† range of black teas comes in aluminium pouches and tea bags with their distinct aroma, flavor and liquor. The teas come from plants grown in the cool crispy air of the mountain ranges of the Hatton – Maskeliya tea plantations famed for its teas with its distinctly fine aroma and flavor Further they have their own brand of blended teas and green teas Black Tea c) Maskeliya Kahata in aluminium pouches d) Maskeliya Kahata in tea bags c) Kingswood Tea in loose packaging d) Kingswood Tea in tea bags flavored and unflavored Green Tea b) Kingswood Green Tea in loose packaging * Kingswood Green Tea in tea bags flavored and unflavored 2.2 Price Table 02- Price List Effective from 1st January 2013 of Maskeliya Kahata ZAID TEA CO (PVT) LTD| Price List Effective from 1st January 2013| Product| MRP| WSP| QDP| Maskeliya Kahata 20g| 20.00 | 18.00 | 17.10 | Maskeliya Kahata 50g| 42.00 | 36.96 | 35.11 | Maskeliya Kahata 100g| 84.00 | 73.92 | 70.22 | Maskeliya Kahata 250g| 195.00 | 171.60 | 163.02 | Maskeliya Kahata 500g| 385.00 | 338.80 | 321.86 | Maskeliya Kahata 1Kg| 755.00 | 615.00 | 584.25 | Maskeliya Kahata 2Kg| 1,495.00 | 1,215.00 | 1,154.25 | Maskeliya Kahata100 Tea Bags| 250.00 | 220.00 | 209.00 | | | | | | | | | | MRP Maximum (Marked) Retail Price| | WSP Wholesale Price Price to Retail Trader| | QDP Quantity Discounted Price| | The above table shows the effective price list of Maskeliya Kahata from 1st January 2013. 2.3 Place The role of this element basically describing availability, which is â€Å"right place† and the â€Å"right time†. Zaid’s Maskeliya Kahata is also available in every retailer shops. A channel of place is a set of interdependent organisation, which helps to make a product available in market for use of consumer. Zaid Tea also uses this concept of channels in order to provide Maskeliya Kahata available in the market. The below diagram denotes how Zaid Tea uses the distribution channels. Figure-05 Distribution channels of Zaid Tea * Note- There is also another Distribution channel method: PRODUCER AGENT WHOLESALER RETAILER CONSUMER Conclusion In a fast growing market day by day everything is fluctuating faster than we expect. Products and services are also same. The purpose of the project is to exhibit organisation to be marketing oriented and to aware about the marketing environment with micro and macro environment , how these environments impact to the organisation. Recommendations Plantation companies a) Explore the possibilities of upgrading plantation jobs, by providing upward movement, to attract more workers to work in the estate. b) There should not be any effort from the plantation companies to dilute the existing labour laws which protect the workers in the tea industry, on the grounds of declining returns. c) The big companies could also tie up with the ILO and other civil society organisations to help small growers achieve minimum labour and environmental standards. Adherence to such standards will give an additional product value to the tea being sold at the retail level. In return, the companies could provide incentives in terms of better prices to the small growers. These practices could work to the advantage of both. The government a) Provide technical and marketing assistance to the small and marginalized Farmers b) Provide credit schemes and debt management services to the plantations c) Strengthen the relationships between small tea growers and private processing factories. Develop a strategic intervention in order to help each actor aware of their rights and responsibilities within the value chain. International tea buyers a) Take responsibility for conditions in their entire tea value chains, particularly where they have more influence. b) Provide support to the small tea growers through technical and marketing assistance c) Pay a higher price for tea produced in a sustainable process d) Do not lobby to dilute the social protections available to tea estate workers e) Conduct multi-stakeholder monitoring and verification of the social and environmental standards on the tea estates from which tea is procured Annexure References * PCM Text Book * Kotler P. â€Å"Marketing Management† 9th Edition, Prentice hall of India, 1997, pp 128-150 * www.zaidtea.com